Dynamic Radiograph Analysis for Tracheobronchial Stenosis Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for evaluating tracheobronchomalacia, such as bronchoscopy and 4DCT examinations, lack objectivity and are costly, making it difficult to accurately detect stenosis in the trachea and bronchus.
Innovation Solution
An image analysis system that analyzes dynamic radiographs formed from two-dimensional images of the trachea and bronchus to measure feature amounts representing stenotic states, allowing for objective estimation of stenosis using a hardware processor and radiographic imaging apparatus.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If 4DCT examination is used to measure capacitance change of bronchus region, then stenotic state can be detected, but exposure dose and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses fluoroscopic images (2D copies) to represent the bronchus structure instead of direct 3D CT scanning. By analyzing dynamic changes in 2D fluoroscopic images during respiratory cycles, the system captures stenotic state information without requiring high-dose 4DCT radiation exposure. This copying approach maintains diagnostic capability while reducing harmful radiation exposure.
2Measurement precision
If bronchoscope is used to evaluate tracheobronchomalacia, then direct observation is possible, but objectivity decreases due to reliance on medical doctor's eyesight
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical/subjective visual evaluation by medical doctors with an automated image analysis system that processes fluoroscopic images. The system objectively measures bronchus diameter changes, area changes, and temporal variations through computer algorithms, eliminating human subjectivity while maintaining or improving measurement precision. This substitution transforms qualitative visual assessment into quantitative objective data.
3Measurement precision
If CT examination is used to visualize airway section, then structural imaging is possible, but stenosis detection fails because stenosis occurs during expiration when patient must stop breathing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic fluoroscopic imaging that continuously captures bronchus morphology throughout the respiratory cycle rather than static CT images taken at a single moment. By analyzing the temporal dynamics of bronchus diameter and area changes during inspiration and expiration, the system detects stenotic events that occur dynamically during breathing, particularly during expiratory phase when stenosis is most prominent. This dynamic approach overcomes the limitation of static imaging.
4Measurement precision
If endoscope contacts airway wall to evaluate stenosis, then direct measurement is possible, but stenosis occurrence may be interrupted
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses fluoroscopic imaging as an intermediary non-contact method to visualize and measure bronchus stenosis. Instead of direct physical contact with an endoscope that may alter airway mechanics, the system captures external radiographic images of the bronchus during natural breathing. This intermediary approach allows unobtrusive measurement of stenotic events without interfering with the physiological processes that cause stenosis.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a simpler, cost-effective method for estimating stenotic states in the trachea and bronchus, reducing exposure dose and improving detection accuracy compared to traditional methods.
Implementation Method 1
acquires at least one dynamic radiograph formed from a plurality of two-dimensional images acquired by radiographing dynamics of a subject
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is an image analysis apparatus including a hardware processor that analyzes at least one dynamic radiograph formed from a plurality of two-dimensional images acquired by radiographing dynamics of a subject including a trachea and/or a bronchus to measure a feature amount representing a stenotic state of the trachea and/or the bronchus, and estimates the stenotic state of the trachea and/or the bronchus based on a result of the measurement.