Dynamic Space-Time 3D Imaging System for Real-Time Motion Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current three-dimensional imaging techniques are inefficient for capturing dynamic details in real-time, particularly for objects with motion, as they require costly apparatus and lengthy scanning times, making them unsuitable for applications like stress-strain analysis of mechanical structures and medical imaging.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing selective computer-controlled projection of patterns onto an object, combined with rapid imaging by a digital camera, to generate a three-dimensional map of surface contours, including time variations, using a range finder for precise measurements and multiple projectors and cameras to achieve seamless image processing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If time of flight measurement with pulsed laser is used, then three dimensional data accuracy is improved, but apparatus cost and complexity increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the complex mechanical time of flight measurement system with a phase-shift-based optical system. Instead of measuring laser beam transit time directly, the system uses phase modulation of the laser and compares the phase of reflected light with reference light, substituting mechanical timing measurements with optical phase detection that is inherently more precise and less complex.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a reference beam as an intermediary element. The reference beam, which travels a known path without interacting with the object, serves as a comparison standard against which the reflected beam's phase is measured. This intermediary allows indirect measurement of distance through phase difference rather than direct time measurement.
2Measurement precision
If laser beam scanning is used to survey object surface, then three dimensional measurement precision is improved, but scanning time increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic phase modulation of the laser beam, cycling through multiple phase states (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) in a repeating sequence. This periodic action allows the system to extract distance information from phase differences accumulated over complete cycles, enabling precise measurements while maintaining rapid scanning speeds through the repetitive nature of the modulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements continuous scanning with continuous phase modulation, eliminating the need to stop or pause between measurements. The laser continuously scans across the object surface while simultaneously undergoing phase modulation, and the detector continuously records intensity variations, maintaining uninterrupted measurement action throughout the scanning process.
3Device complexity
If static grid projection is used for topographic imaging, then system simplicity is improved, but real-time dynamic measurement capability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the static grid projection system into a dynamic one by introducing time-varying phase modulation. The projected pattern continuously changes phase state through the modulation cycle, allowing the system to capture temporal variations in object surface position. This dynamic approach enables real-time measurement of moving objects while maintaining the simplicity of projection-based methodology.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables fast and accurate three-dimensional imaging with real-time measurement of dynamic changes, applicable to various fields such as medical analysis, security, and industrial inspection, providing exact dimensional data and thermal imaging capabilities.
Implementation Method 1
One technique is the use of time of flight of a pulsed laser whereby the distance from the laser to the object is determined by measuring the transit time of the laser beam
Data Source
AI summary
A method for creating a 3D map of the surface contours of an object includes projecting a variety of patterns onto the object, and imaging the patterns as they fall on the object to encode the topographic features of the object. The images are processed in a computer program in a manner such that a complete 3D map of the surface of the object is obtained in digital form. Reiteration of the method can detect motional variation such as a breathing human, flexure of a complex mechanical structure, or a stress-strain testing of an airplane, vehicle, beam, bridge, or other structure.