Dynamic Substrate Rectifier for Leakage Current Suppression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional full-wave bridge rectifiers and low dropout linear regulators face challenges such as leakage current consumption and stability issues, leading to inefficiencies in energy conversion and increased power consumption, which are unsuitable for portable devices and IoT applications.
Innovation Solution
An energy acquisition and power supply system is developed, incorporating a rectification unit with dynamic substrate selection and reverse leakage current suppression circuits, along with an adaptive voltage control circuit, and a voltage regulation unit with temperature curvature compensation and pole-zero compensation, to enhance energy conversion efficiency and reduce power consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a conventional full-wave bridge rectifier is used, then the circuit can perform basic rectification, but substrate leakage current is generated due to voltage changes at the input end
Solution Approach 1:
An intermediate control circuit is introduced between the input voltage and the rectifier transistor gates. This control circuit dynamically adjusts the transistor substrate potentials based on the instantaneous input voltage polarity, preventing substrate conduction and leakage current while maintaining rectification functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The rectifier system transitions from a static configuration to a dynamic one where the substrate potentials of the transistors are continuously adjusted according to the input voltage waveform. This dynamic control prevents the body end voltage from lagging behind the source end voltage, eliminating leakage current throughout the voltage cycle.
2Loss of energy
If threshold voltages of PMOS and NMOS transistors are exceeded for rectification, then rectification can be achieved, but voltage drop of two threshold voltages occurs in each cycle
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the operating parameters of the transistors by dynamically adjusting their substrate potentials. This allows the transistors to conduct with reduced threshold voltage requirements, minimizing the voltage drop across the rectifier while maintaining full-wave rectification capability.
3Device complexity
If the body end of transistor is connected to input end or output end, then circuit can be simplified, but parasitic PNP transistor or diode conduction occurs generating leakage current
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of a fixed connection, the body end of each transistor is dynamically connected to different potentials (input or output) based on the instantaneous voltage polarity. This dynamic reconfiguration prevents parasitic transistor conduction while maintaining circuit simplicity.
4Ease of manufacture
If low dropout linear regulator is used for power supply, then area cost and power consumption are reduced, but energy conversion efficiency is poor and voltage decrease is supported only
Solution Approach 1:
The rectifier circuit is designed to provide both rectification and voltage regulation functions. By optimizing the transistor operating points and substrate control, the circuit achieves efficient energy conversion while maintaining the low area and power consumption characteristics of linear regulators.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves high energy conversion efficiency, low power consumption, and improved stability, making it suitable for portable devices and IoT applications by minimizing leakage currents and temperature-related issues.
Implementation Method 1
a rectification unit for rectifying an input energy to a DC voltage lower than the input
Implementation Method 2
the dynamic substrate selection circuit selects a substrate potential of the transistor capable of conduction path switching dynamically to reduce a substrate leakage current
Implementation Method 3
the reverse leakage current suppression circuit is utilized for switching the power element at a local end to reduce transient reverse leakage current
Implementation Method 4
the adaptive voltage control circuit is used to increase a conduction voltage for lowering a conduction resistance, increasing switching speed
Implementation Method 5
a voltage regulation capacitor for outputting the DC voltage rectified by the power element as a DC voltage with low ripple
Implementation Method 6
a first voltage regulation unit for stabilizing and transferring the DC voltage output by the rectification unit to the back end circuit as power supply
Implementation Method 7
high order terms of a curve of temperature coefficient are compensated
Implementation Method 8
pole-zero compensation
Data Source
AI summary
An energy acquisition and power supply system is provided. The power supply system includes a plurality of power elements, each of the power elements including a transistor capable of conduction path switching, a current regulator having a dynamic substrate selection circuit and a reverse leakage current suppression circuit as well as a voltage regulator, wherein the dynamic substrate selection circuit selects a substrate potential of the transistor capable of conduction path switching dynamically to reduce a substrate leakage current of the transistor capable of conduction path switching, and the reverse leakage current suppression circuit is utilized for switching the power element at a local end to reduce transient reverse leakage current and current consumption of the power element at the local end for an input voltage, such that an output current for the power element at the local end is maximized.