Dynamic Super Bolus Generation for Insulin Delivery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current insulin infusion systems face challenges in accurately and efficiently managing glycemic responses to meals, particularly in preventing postprandial glucose spikes and reducing the likelihood of insulin stacking, which can lead to hypoglycemia.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of automated super bolus generation techniques, which involve determining an augmented meal bolus and a subsequent postprandial reduction period for basal dosage deliveries, using a closed-loop control system that adjusts insulin delivery based on real-time glucose monitoring and patient-specific data to regulate glucose levels within a tighter range.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a standard meal bolus is delivered to counteract glucose increase from a meal, then glucose levels are controlled, but postprandial glucose spikes occur and insulin stacking may lead to hypoglycemia
Solution Approach 1:
The insulin delivery is segmented into two distinct phases: an augmented meal bolus component delivered immediately to counteract the glucose spike, and a postprandial basal reduction component that temporarily reduces basal insulin delivery. This segmentation allows the system to address both the immediate glucose control need and the subsequent hypoglycemia prevention need separately and effectively.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary action by delivering an augmented meal bolus that exceeds the standard calculation before the full postprandial glucose response occurs. This preliminary augmented delivery prevents the glucose spike, and the subsequent basal reduction is planned in advance to prevent insulin stacking and hypoglycemia.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If basal dosage deliveries are maintained at standard levels during postprandial period, then continuous glucose control is provided, but insulin stacking occurs increasing hypoglycemia risk
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements periodic action by temporarily suspending or reducing basal insulin deliveries for a specific postprandial duration after meal bolus administration. This periodic interruption of basal delivery prevents insulin stacking during the period when meal insulin is still active, while maintaining continuous glucose monitoring and control throughout.
3Measurement precision
If augmented meal bolus exceeds sufficient amount for counteracting glucose increase, then postprandial glucose control is improved, but risk of hypoglycemia increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses feedback by continuously monitoring glucose levels and using this information to dynamically adjust both the augmented meal bolus amount and the duration of postprandial basal reduction. The feedback loop ensures that the augmented bolus is sufficient to prevent glucose spikes while the basal reduction duration is optimized to prevent hypoglycemia, resolving the contradiction between precise glycemic control and hypoglycemia prevention.
Data Source
AI summary
Techniques related to automatically generating a super bolus may include determining an amount of an augmented meal bolus to be delivered to a patient for regulating the patient's glycemic response to a meal. The amount of the augmented meal bolus may exceed a sufficient amount for counteracting a glucose level increase caused by the meal. In some embodiments, the techniques may further include determining a duration of a postprandial reduction period during which basal dosage deliveries to the patient are to be reduced. In some other embodiments, the techniques may further include delivering the augmented meal bolus to the patient prior to determining whether or not to cause reduction of basal dosage deliveries. More specifically, a glucose level of the patient may be obtained after delivery of the augmented meal bolus, and the obtained glucose level may be used to determine whether to reduce basal dosage deliveries.