Dynamic UPF Load Control Through SMF Policy Rules

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Solution Overview

Problem

The increasing user traffic in wireless communication networks, particularly in the user plane of 5G networks, leads to overload issues, which existing load control procedures in traditional 3GPP networks are inadequate to address effectively, often resulting in high costs for network operators and negative user experiences.

Innovation Solution

Implementing load control mechanisms through a Session Management Function (SMF) that installs load reduction policies in User Plane Functions (UPF) based on load reports, identifying users causing excessive load and applying policies to reduce traffic, such as bandwidth limitations or traffic shaping, to mitigate overload.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional load control procedures are used in 3GPP networks, then network operators can maintain basic network operation, but the networks cannot effectively address user plane overload issues leading to high costs and negative user experiences

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser plane load management effectivenessVSAvoidnetwork cost efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic load control by enabling the SMF to receive real-time load reports from UPFs and dynamically install load reduction policy rules based on current network conditions. The system transitions from static traditional load control to dynamic adaptive control, allowing the network to respond in real-time to changing traffic patterns and overload conditions, thereby improving reliability while optimizing cost efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Adaptability or versatility

If the user plane handles increasing user traffic, then network coverage and connectivity are maintained, but the user plane becomes increasingly overloaded compared to the control plane

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser traffic handling capacityVSAvoiduser plane overload status
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes a feedback mechanism where the UPF continuously monitors its own load status and sends load reports to the SMF. The SMF uses this feedback information to determine when and how to install load reduction policy rules. This closed-loop feedback system enables the network to detect overload conditions and implement corrective actions automatically, maintaining adaptability while preventing reliability issues.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes operational parameters by dynamically adjusting load reduction policy rules based on real-time load reports. The SMF modifies parameters such as traffic shaping thresholds, bandwidth limits, and priority levels according to current network conditions. This parameter adaptation allows the user plane to handle varying traffic loads effectively, maintaining capacity while preventing overload.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If network operators expand network infrastructure to handle increased traffic, then network capacity is improved, but the cost of network expansion increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork capacityVSAvoidnetwork infrastructure cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the network to self-regulate and self-optimize by having the UPF autonomously monitor its load and the SMF automatically install appropriate policy rules without requiring manual network expansion. The system serves itself by using existing infrastructure resources more efficiently through intelligent load management, thereby improving network capacity while avoiding the costs associated with physical infrastructure expansion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP4315777B1Controlling user plane function (UPF) load
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
  • EP4315777B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4315777B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4315777B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A User Plane Function, UPF (35), sends a load report to a Session Management Function, SMF (45). Responsive to receiving the load report from the UPF (35), the SMF (45) installs a load reduction policy rule in the UPF (35). The load reduction policy rule comprises a criterion for identifying one or more users subject to the load reduction policy rule. The UPF (35) selectively applies the load reduction policy rule to user plane traffic of the one or more users based on the criterion.