E2X Encapsulation Protocol for Reliable HD Radio Streaming
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current protocols for transmitting high definition radio signals in bandwidth-limited networks face challenges such as high bandwidth requirements, congestion, and unreliable data delivery, particularly in unidirectional links, which affect synchronization and cause outages due to the inefficiencies of TCP/IP mode and the stringent throughput demands of the E2X protocol.
Innovation Solution
The E2X Encapsulation Protocol segments data into packets with sequence numbers, adjusts transmit rates based on link throughput, and uses UDP/IP for reliable point-to-multipoint streaming, ensuring constant bit rate and backward compatibility with the E2X protocol, thereby reducing network congestion and improving data delivery reliability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If TCP/IP mode is used for bidirectional STL, then data retransmission addresses intermittent packet loss, but it requires additional 40% of STL bandwidth for overhead and control data, and causes delayed data delivery and possible disconnection
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the data stream into smaller packets with sequence numbers, allowing selective retransmission of only lost packets rather than requiring complete packet retransmission. This segmentation enables reliable delivery without the heavy overhead of full TCP/IP protocols, resolving the contradiction between reliability and transmission speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the essential reliability functions from TCP/IP by implementing a simplified custom protocol that handles packet loss through sequence numbers and acknowledgment mechanisms without requiring the full TCP stack. This extraction removes the bandwidth overhead and flow control delays while maintaining reliable data delivery.
2Reliability
If TCP/IP mode is used, then data retransmission addresses packet loss, but flow control results in delayed data delivery and extended outage of data streaming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic packet transmission with adjustable timing based on network conditions. The sender can adjust the interval between packets and the receiver can dynamically request retransmissions only when necessary, eliminating the rigid flow control delays of TCP while maintaining reliability through selective retransmission mechanisms.
3Adaptability or versatility
If UDP mode is used for unidirectional real-time streaming, then point-to-multipoint communication is enabled, but it requires an extremely reliable network with bit error rate of almost zero, because UDP does not guarantee data delivery
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments data into packets with sequence numbers and implements selective retransmission at the application layer. This allows UDP-like point-to-multipoint communication while adding reliability through packet-level error handling, enabling both versatility and reliable delivery without requiring extremely low bit error rates.
4Reliability
If E2X protocol is used for synchronization, then synchronous streaming is achieved, but it places stringent STL throughput requirements and causes periodic congestion states
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the synchronization data into smaller packets with sequence numbers, allowing the synchronization stream to be transmitted more efficiently. This segmentation reduces the impact of any single packet loss on synchronization accuracy while improving overall throughput by enabling better packet scheduling and reducing congestion states.
Data Source
AI summary
A method and apparatus for improving the reliability in the synchronous streaming of data from a sender to multiple receivers, especially in networks having a limited bandwidth. The sender is configured to change the format of the data to be sent by segmenting the data into packets having maximum size, and identifying each packet with a message number. The transmit rate of the sender is adjusted according to the throughput bandwidth of the link so as to avoid congesting the link. Each receiver is configured to re-assemble the packets based upon the message number allocated to each packet, and re-create the data in the original format for being read by standard HDJ Radio Exciters. The Receivers may also be configured to keep track of the packet numbers and request re-transmission of lost packets, using the ARQ (Automatic Retransmission Request) scheme.