EBG Antenna Wall Enclosure Reduces Array Coupling
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Solution Overview
Problem
EBG-type basic antennas exhibit significant coupling when assembled in array antennas, leading to chaotic and non-directive radiation diagrams due to uncontrolled energy redistribution, resulting in overlapping radiating surfaces that are not uniform or agile.
Innovation Solution
A basic antenna design featuring a planar electromagnetic wave reflector, a probe, and an assembly of materials with periodic structure and cavity, surrounded by a wall enclosure that reflects electromagnetic waves, reducing coupling and allowing for a predefined radiating surface shape, thereby minimizing overlap and enhancing directivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional EBG-type basic antennas are assembled and juxtaposed in an array antenna, then the directivity of individual basic antennas is improved, but significant coupling occurs between antennas causing chaotic radiation diagrams and overlapping radiating surfaces
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna array is segmented into isolated basic antenna units, each surrounded by reflective walls that separate them from neighboring antennas. This segmentation prevents energy from one antenna from being captured and redistributed by adjacent antennas, thereby reducing harmful coupling effects while preserving the directivity benefits of individual EBG antennas.
Solution Approach 2:
Reflective walls are introduced as intermediary structures between adjacent basic antennas. These walls act as mediators that redirect electromagnetic energy away from neighboring antennas, preventing direct energy transfer and coupling between adjacent elements while allowing each antenna to maintain its radiation characteristics.
2Device complexity
If traditional EBG basic antennas are used without wall enclosure, then the structure is simpler, but the radiating surfaces overlap and form non-uniform surfaces that are not agile
Solution Approach 1:
The radiating surface is segmented into discrete, non-overlapping areas by introducing reflective walls around each basic antenna. Each wall enclosure defines a specific radiating zone that does not overlap with adjacent antennas, creating a uniform overall radiating surface composed of multiple controlled elementary surfaces.
Solution Approach 2:
Each basic antenna is given a specific local quality through its wall enclosure, which defines a predetermined shape for its radiating surface. This allows different regions of the array to have controlled radiation characteristics, enabling agility in beam formation while maintaining overall surface uniformity.
3Measurement precision
If more basic antennas are used to achieve higher directivity in an array, then the directivity improves, but the coupling between antennas increases and the array becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The array is divided into independent basic antenna units with reflective wall enclosures, allowing each element to be designed and optimized separately. This segmentation reduces the complexity of interactions between elements, making it easier to scale the array to achieve higher directivity without proportionally increasing overall system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design significantly reduces coupling between antennas, improves directivity, and allows for a lower number of antennas to achieve comparable directivity, resulting in a more complex and cost-effective array antenna with improved radiation patterns and reduced secondary lobes.
Implementation Method 1
a wall enclosure 10 capable of reflecting the electromagnetic waves at the operating frequency or frequencies
Implementation Method 2
the positioning of the elements in said assembly ensures the radiation and a spatial and frequency filtering of the electromagnetic waves produced or received by the probe, said filtering in particular allowing one or more operating frequencies of the basic antenna inside a frequency band gap
Implementation Method 3
a probe 6 capable of converting electricity into electromagnetic energy and vice versa
Implementation Method 4
a planar electromagnetic wave reflector 4 bearing the probe 6
Data Source
AI summary
A basic antenna (2), designed to form a radiating element of an array antenna, includes, superimposed, a planar reflector (4), a probe (6), and an assembly (8) of the EBG type by default in the form of a cavity (16). The basic antenna (2) includes a wall enclosure (10) capable of reflecting the electromagnetic waves at the operating frequency or frequencies of the basic antenna (2), the wall enclosure (10) being an extension in a direction orthogonal to the planar reflector (4) and simultaneously surrounding only the probe (6), the cavity (16) and the structure (14).The one- or two-dimensional array antenna includes a plurality of joined basic antennas (2) arranged compactly.