Integrated EC Window Controllers for Low-Wiring IGU Installation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electrochromic windows face challenges with complex wiring and installation requirements, limiting their widespread adoption due to the need for hard wiring and remote controllers, which increases costs and installation complexities.
Innovation Solution
The development of localized, onboard controllers integrated into the insulated glass unit (IGU) or window frame, enabling wireless communication and power generation, such as through photovoltaic panels, to simplify installation and operation, and the creation of self-meshing networks for electrochromic windows to facilitate easy installation and control.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If localized controllers are integrated into the IGU, then ease of installation is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The controller is merged with the IGU by integrating it into the sealed interior region or mounting it on the exterior surface, combining two previously separate components (controller and window assembly) into a single integrated unit, thereby simplifying installation while managing complexity through unified design
Solution Approach 2:
The IGU structure is designed to serve multiple functions: it provides both the window's insulating glass function and houses or mounts the controller, making the IGU a multi-functional component that reduces the need for separate controller housing and mounting structures
2Device complexity
If wireless communication and power generation are implemented, then wiring complexity is reduced, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Wireless communication technology replaces the mechanical/electrical wiring system for control signals, eliminating the need for physical wire connections between the controller and electrochromic lites, thereby reducing wiring complexity in the installed system
Solution Approach 2:
The photovoltaic panel integrated into the IGU provides self-powered operation by generating electrical power from sunlight to supply the controller and communication systems, eliminating the need for external wired power connections and making the system self-sufficient
3Reliability
If the controller is positioned within the sealed interior region, then protection from environment is improved, but accessibility for maintenance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The controller is nested within the sealed interior region of the IGU, placing one component (controller) inside another structure (IGU sealed space), which provides environmental protection while the controller remains accessible through the IGU's internal architecture
Solution Approach 2:
The IGU is designed during manufacturing with predetermined access points, openings, or removable components that allow future maintenance personnel to access the controller without requiring disassembly of the entire IGU, preparing for maintenance needs in advance
4Ease of repair
If the controller is positioned on the exterior surface, then accessibility is improved, but protection from environment deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
A protective coating or thin film encapsulation is applied to the controller when mounted on the exterior surface of the IGU, providing environmental protection (moisture, dust, UV resistance) while maintaining accessibility for user interaction and basic maintenance
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution reduces the complexity of installing and operating electrochromic windows by eliminating the need for extensive wiring and remote controllers, making them easier to install and maintain, while also enabling efficient power management and communication among windows.
Implementation Method 1
power generation, such as through photovoltaic panels
Implementation Method 2
Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which a material exhibits a reversible electrochemically-mediated change in an optical property when placed in a different electronic state, typically by being subjected to a voltage change
Data Source
Figure 1A
Figure 1B~2A
Figure 2B~2C
AI summary
Onboard EC window controllers are described. The controllers are configured in close proximity to the EC window, for example, within the IGU. The controller may be part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field. The window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to the IGU containing one or more EC devices and their proximity to the EC panes of the window overcomes a number of problems associated with conventional controller configurations. Also described are self-meshing networks for electrochromic windows.