Eccentric Direct-Injection Nozzle with Guide Elements
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Solution Overview
Problem
The eccentric and possibly inclined installation of the injection nozzle in direct-injection Otto-cycle engines leads to adverse effects on mixture formation and emissions, resulting in inefficient combustion and increased pollutant formation, particularly unburned hydrocarbons and soot.
Innovation Solution
A direct-injection engine design where the combustion chamber is jointly formed by a piston crown, a cylinder head, and an injection nozzle arranged eccentrically, with a nozzle needle that opens an annular gap for fuel injection, and guide elements on the nozzle surface to redirect fuel flow, ensuring non-uniform inflow conditions and off-center injection placement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If the injection nozzle is arranged eccentrically and spaced apart from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to accommodate space constraints in the combustion chamber, then the coordination between injection nozzle and ignition device is improved, but the mixture formation becomes non-uniform and fuel distribution is adversely affected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies asymmetry by intentionally designing the injection nozzle with guide elements that create asymmetric fuel flow patterns. The guide elements are positioned to deflect fuel in specific directions, transforming the asymmetric injection position into a controlled asymmetric flow that achieves more uniform fuel distribution in the combustion chamber.
Solution Approach 2:
The guide elements on the injection nozzle create local variations in fuel flow characteristics. By positioning guide elements at specific locations on the nozzle surface, the patent locally modifies the fuel flow to compensate for the eccentric injection position, ensuring that fuel is distributed more uniformly across the combustion chamber.
2Productivity
If the injection nozzle is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to optimize injection direction, then the fuel injection pattern is improved, but the non-uniform fuel distribution and pollutant formation are intensified
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the flow parameters of the injected fuel by introducing guide elements that modify the velocity distribution and flow direction. These parameter changes transform the inclined, non-uniform injection into a more controlled flow pattern that reduces fuel impingement and improves combustion completeness, thereby reducing emissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potentially harmful effect of inclined injection into a beneficial outcome. The guide elements utilize the inclined injection angle to create a specific flow pattern that enhances fuel-air mixing, transforming what would be a source of poor combustion and high emissions into an advantage for mixture formation.
3Use of energy by moving object
If quality regulation is used to dethrottle the Otto-cycle engine and reduce fuel consumption, then fuel consumption is minimized, but the coordination between injection nozzle and ignition device becomes more difficult due to limited space
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the radial dimension of the combustion chamber by positioning the injection nozzle eccentrically rather than solely along the axial dimension. This dimensional change allows the ignition device to be positioned optimally along the axis while the injection nozzle operates from an offset position, accommodating both components within the limited space available for direct injection and applied ignition.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design improves fuel distribution and combustion efficiency, reducing emissions and enhancing the formation of a uniform fuel cloud, thereby minimizing the adverse effects of the nozzle's eccentric arrangement on combustion and pollutant formation.
Implementation Method 1
The open nozzle has an annular gap between the nozzle body and needle, through which fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber
Implementation Method 2
One or more guide elements that influence the fuel flow are provided on a surface of the nozzle
Implementation Method 3
a combustion chamber is jointly formed by a piston crown of a piston, which is movable along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, a cylinder head, and an injection nozzle
Data Source
AI summary
A direct-injection engine having a cylinder in which a combustion chamber is jointly formed by a piston crown of a piston, which is movable along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, and a cylinder head, and an injection nozzle, which is arranged in the cylinder head on the opposite side of the piston crown eccentrically, spaced apart from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, for the direct injection of fuel, which injection nozzle has a nozzle needle movable in a nozzle body, wherein the needle in the open position of the nozzle is moved into the combustion chamber, opening up an annular gap arranged between the nozzle body and needle.