ECG Authentication Using Neural Network Feature Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current biometric authentication methods using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals face challenges in accurately identifying individuals due to variations in heart rate and noise in ECG signals, which affect the robustness and reliability of authentication processes.

Innovation Solution

The proposed solution involves preprocessing ECG signals using band pass filters to remove noise, detecting fiducial points, and extracting semantic features using a neural network model trained on augmented ECG data. This model then compares the extracted features with registered features to determine authentication success based on similarity thresholds.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If ECG signals are used for biometric authentication, then individual identification capability is provided, but noise in ECG signals and heart rate variations reduce authentication accuracy and reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication reliabilityVSAvoidauthentication accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The ECG signal is segmented into multiple data segments based on detected fiducial points (peak points and minimum points). This segmentation allows the system to extract multiple features from different portions of the ECG signal, thereby improving authentication accuracy despite noise and heart rate variations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system extracts multiple parameters including peak-to-peak intervals, amplitudes, and areas under curves from different segments of the ECG signal. By changing and comparing multiple parameters rather than relying on a single measurement, the system achieves more reliable authentication despite variations in heart rate and signal noise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If multiple features are extracted from ECG signals to improve authentication accuracy, then authentication reliability is enhanced, but the complexity of signal processing increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication accuracyVSAvoidsignal processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary detection of fiducial points (peak points and minimum points) in the ECG signal before extracting features. This preliminary action identifies key locations in the signal, allowing subsequent feature extraction to focus only on relevant segments and simplifying the overall processing complexity while maintaining high accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If ECG signals are preprocessed with filtering and fiducial point detection to reduce noise, then authentication reliability is improved, but processing time and computational load increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication reliabilityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system extracts and focuses processing on specific fiducial points (peak points and minimum points) rather than processing the entire ECG signal. By taking out only the critical portions of the signal containing authentication information, the system reduces processing time and computational load while maintaining high authentication reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentEP3189779B1Electrocardiogram (ECG) authentication method and apparatus
Publication Date: 2024.06.12 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
  • EP3189779B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3189779B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3189779B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Disclosed are an electrocardiogram (ECG) authentication method and apparatus, and a training method and apparatus for training a neural network model used for ECG authentication, the ECG authentication apparatus being configured to acquire an ECG signal of a subject, extract a semantic feature of the ECG signal, and authenticate the subject based on the extracted semantic feature.