ECG Authentication Using QRS Wave Feature Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ECG-based authentication methods face challenges in achieving high-level accuracy due to variations in ECG readings caused by different physiological states, age, and health conditions, leading to low discrimination features and accuracy in authentication.

Innovation Solution

A method that synchronously trains a dictionary and a classifier using group sparse coding to generate feature vectors from ECG signals, allowing for high-level discrimination and accurate authentication by dividing ECGs into signal segments, extracting features, and performing dimension reduction processing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional biometric authentication methods are used, then authentication accuracy is improved, but security is weakened due to forged or falsified biometric features

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication accuracyVSAvoidsecurity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the QRS wave complex from the ECG signal as a specific feature for authentication. By isolating and analyzing this particular waveform component, the system achieves both high measurement precision for authentication and enhanced security, as the QRS wave's morphological features are difficult to forge compared to other biometric traits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the ECG signal into a feature vector by extracting morphological parameters of the QRS wave complex, such as amplitude, duration, and waveform shape. This parameter transformation converts raw physiological data into discriminative authentication features that maintain high accuracy while providing security against forgery

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If ECG variations due to physiological states, age, and health conditions are considered, then authentication robustness is improved, but discrimination feature quality deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication robustnessVSAvoiddiscrimination feature quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by focusing analysis on specific segments of the ECG signal - the QRS wave complex - rather than the entire signal. By concentrating on this localized feature that exhibits consistent morphological characteristics across different physiological states, the system maintains high discrimination quality while achieving robustness to variations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the ECG signal into distinct components, specifically isolating the QRS wave complex for authentication purposes. This segmentation allows the system to focus on the most discriminative and stable portion of the signal, maintaining feature quality while being adaptable to physiological variations that affect other parts of the ECG

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP3056138B1Electrocardiogram (ECG)-based authentication apparatus and method thereof, and training apparatus and method thereof for ECG-based authentication
Publication Date: 2020.12.16 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
  • EP3056138B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3056138B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3056138B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Provided are electrocardiogram (ECG)-based authentication and training. An authentication method includes generating a feature vector of an ECG obtained from an entity or a person based on a dictionary, classifying the ECG through a classifier based on the feature vector, and performing authentication based on a classification result.