ECG Grid Undistortion Using Unit-Cell Pixel Mapping
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods fail to accurately convert paper-based ECG recordings into undistorted digital formats due to distortions such as tilts, folds, and non-linear transformations, complicating sharing and retrospective studies.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a transformation relationship between a reference grid arrangement and an original distorted image is used to determine pixel positions and apply data information, effectively undistorting graphical representations like ECG waveforms by constructing a network of unit cells using grid vertices and probability classifiers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of information
If paper-based ECG recordings are used for storage and sharing, then historical ECG data can be preserved, but the data cannot be easily shared, analyzed, or converted into accurate digital formats due to distortion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the distorted ECG image into multiple small rectangular regions (e.g., 10x10 pixel blocks). Each region is independently processed to determine its transformation parameters, allowing local distortion correction while maintaining overall image accuracy. This segmentation enables precise handling of non-uniform distortions across different parts of the ECG recording.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms the ECG image from its distorted state to an undistorted state by calculating and applying transformation parameters (rotation angle, scaling factors, translation offsets) for each segmented region. These parameter changes are derived by comparing grid patterns in the original distorted image with a reference undistorted grid, enabling accurate reconstruction of the ECG waveform geometry.
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional scanning methods are used to digitize paper ECGs, then digital copies can be created, but the resulting images remain distorted and unsuitable for accurate analysis
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary detection and correction of grid patterns before final ECG waveform extraction. By first identifying the distorted grid structure, calculating transformation parameters, and pre-correcting the geometric distortions, the method prepares the image data in advance for accurate waveform analysis. This preliminary processing step ensures that subsequent measurements are performed on geometrically correct data.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a reference undistorted grid pattern as an intermediary standard for comparison. By overlaying this reference grid with the detected distorted grid from the scanned ECG image, the system calculates transformation parameters that mediate between the distorted input and the desired undistorted output, enabling accurate correction without requiring manual intervention.
3Loss of time
If paper ECG recordings are photographed or scanned, then digital images can be obtained, but the complex and irregular distortion makes undistorting difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the complex undistortion problem into smaller, manageable segments by processing the ECG image in rectangular blocks. Each block is independently analyzed for its local distortion characteristics and corrected using its own transformation parameters. This segmentation reduces the overall computational complexity compared to attempting to correct the entire image as a single unit, while maintaining accuracy in handling irregular distortions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies transformation parameters to each segmented region individually, which may involve calculating more parameters than strictly necessary for a simple global correction. This partial action approach ensures that local variations in distortion are adequately addressed, even though it increases computational effort compared to a single global transformation. The method performs sufficient correction for each region to ensure overall accuracy.
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments relate to a method for generating an image comprising a graphical representation. The method includes determining a transformation relationship for a unit cell of a graphical representation of an original image. The transformation relationship is based on position information of grid vertices of the unit cell of the original image graphical representation and position information of grid vertices of a unit cell of a reference grid arrangement of the image to be generated. The method further includes determining position information of a one or more pixels of the unit cell of the original image graphical representation based on the transformation relationship. The method further includes applying data information sampled at the one or more pixels of the unit cell of the original image graphical representation to one or more pixels of the unit cell of the reference grid arrangement.