Eddy Current Retarder Torque Estimation via Linear Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing eddy current retarder systems face challenges in accurately calculating braking torque, leading to significant deviations between calculated and actual torque, which degrades braking performance over time due to the non-linear control methods and temperature influences on the armature.

Innovation Solution

The system employs a precise calculation method involving temperature and rotational speed formulas to estimate the actual braking torque, using a temperature calculation unit, reduction factor calculation unit, and hot torque calculation unit, with a linear control mechanism that allows for an infinity of control positions, improving accuracy and reducing errors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If non-linear control methods are used for eddy current retarder, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision of braking torque deteriorates due to significant deviations between calculated and actual torque

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol system complexityVSAvoidbraking torque estimation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the control parameter from non-linear (discrete levels) to linear (continuous position), allowing the control position to vary continuously between 0% and 100%. This linear parameter change enables accurate calculation of braking torque through proportional relationships between control position, coil current, and generated torque, resolving the measurement precision issue while maintaining simple control structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If temperature influence on armature is not considered, then the calculation process is simplified, but the reliability of braking torque estimation deteriorates due to temperature-dependent torque variations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalculation process complexityVSAvoidbraking torque estimation reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces temperature as a feedback parameter in the braking torque calculation. The control system monitors armature temperature and uses this information to compensate for temperature-dependent torque variations. By incorporating temperature feedback into the linear control model, the system maintains reliable torque estimation without significantly complicating the calculation process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Ease of operation

If discrete control levels are used, then the ease of operation is improved, but the productivity of braking control deteriorates due to accumulation of errors over extended vehicle use

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol operation simplicityVSAvoidbraking performance efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from static discrete control levels to dynamic continuous control positions. The control position can dynamically adjust to any value between 0% and 100%, allowing real-time optimization of braking torque. This dynamic approach eliminates error accumulation by providing continuous correction capability, while the simplified linear control model maintains ease of operation through intuitive position-based control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces calculation errors, enhancing the precision of braking torque estimation and maintaining optimal braking performance by accounting for armature temperature and rotational speed, thus providing a reliable deceleration torque estimation.

Implementation Method 1

The stator acts as the inductor and typically includes an electromagnet which, when an electric current flows through it, generates a magnetic field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The rotor includes a conductive element, called the armature, which, when subjected to the magnetic field generated by the stator and driven in rotation by the transmission shaft, experiences eddy currents

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEddy currents: Eddy Currents

Implementation Method 3

Forces, called Laplace forces, then appear and oppose the rotation of the rotor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaplace forces: Lorentz Force

Implementation Method 4

The armature temperature has a significant impact on braking torque. Indeed, for a given coil excitation current, the higher the armature temperature, the lower the braking torque

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature-dependent electrical conductivity: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3010747B1Eddy current retarder equipment
Publication Date: 2022.09.14 TELMA SA
  • EP3010747B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3010747B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3010747B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Eddy current retarder equipment (1) able to be carried on board a vehicle, comprising: a stator assembly (2), comprising inductor windings (23) forming a circuit (4), a rotor assembly (3) designed to be mounted on a transmission shaft of the vehicle, comprising an armature (31) facing the inductor windings (23), control means (6) for establishing a linear setpoint (β), excitation means (7) for exciting the inductor circuit (4) from an electric power source (5) of the vehicle as a function of the setpoint (β), a speed sensor (9) for supplying information relating to the rotational speed (Ω) of the rotor assembly (3), a sensor (10) of the strength of current supplied to the inductor circuit (4), processing means (8) for estimating, at a given moment (t), the retarding torque supplied by the equipment (1).