Eddy Current Sensor for Machine Tool Runout Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional eddy current sensors in automatic tool changers face detection accuracy issues when the tool change operation is performed at higher speeds due to increased runout, leading to potential collisions and damage, and the need to increase the gap between the sensor and the tool complicates accurate detection.

Innovation Solution

An eddy current sensor with a spiral-shaped coil and a soft magnetic core disposed at the axial center, configured to face the tool holder's outer peripheral surface, allows for increased detection distance without compromising accuracy by enhancing magnetic flux density and directivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the gap between the eddy current sensor and the tool is increased to prevent collision during high-speed tool change operations, then the reliability of the tool changer is improved, but the detection accuracy of the eddy current sensor deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereliability of tool changerVSAvoiddetection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the physical dimensions of the eddy current sensor components. Specifically, it increases the coil diameter from conventional sizes to 3-8mm, and extends the core length to 2-5mm, thereby changing the sensor's detection characteristics to achieve both increased detection distance and maintained accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite construction by combining a spiral coil with a soft magnetic core in a specific configuration. The coil is wound in a spiral pattern around a cylindrical soft magnetic core, creating a composite structure that enhances magnetic flux density and extends detection range while maintaining precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If the tool change operation is performed at higher speed to reduce cycle time, then the productivity is improved, but the runout of the tool increases causing collision risk

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetool change speedVSAvoidcollision risk
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies beforehand cushioning by designing the eddy current sensor with extended detection distance capability, which acts as a buffer zone. This allows the sensor to detect tool runout and potential collisions from a safer distance, enabling higher tool change speeds while maintaining reliability through early detection and warning

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Length of stationary object

If the coil diameter is increased to extend detection distance, then the gap between sensor and tool can be increased, but the sensor size and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection distanceVSAvoidsensor structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies nested doll principle by placing the spiral coil around a cylindrical soft magnetic core, with the coil winding nested concentrically around the core. This nested configuration allows the detection function to be extended while keeping the overall sensor structure compact and manageable, avoiding excessive complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Prevents collisions between the sensor and the tool while maintaining detection accuracy by increasing the gap, ensuring reliable operation even at higher tool change speeds.

Implementation Method 1

an eddy current sensor which is disposed so as to face an outer peripheral surface of a flange (11B) of the tool holder (11) with a predetermined gap (distance) therebetween and detects the outer peripheral surface of the flange (11B) as electrical signals of displacement

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEddy current: Eddy Currents

Implementation Method 2

the eddy current sensor includes a coil formed in a spiral shape and held in a bobbin serving as a cylindrical container, and a core serving as a soft magnetic body disposed at an axial center of the coil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP4663344A1Machine tool with automatic tool changer, and eddy current sensor used for same
Publication Date: 2025.12.17 TOKYO SEIMITSU CO LTD
  • EP4663344A1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~1(c)
  • EP4663344A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4663344A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A machine tool with an automatic tool changer that mounts a tool holder 11 to which a tool 25 is attached on a spindle head 26 and machines a workpiece 24 includes an eddy current sensor 1 disposed such that a measurement end surface 1-4 faces the outer peripheral surface of a flange 11B of the tool holder 11, and a data processor 3 that detects runout of a tool 25-1 mounted on the spindle head 26 based on data obtained by measurement by the eddy current sensor 1. The eddy current sensor 1 includes a coil 1-2 formed in a spiral shape and held in a bobbin 1-3 serving as a cylindrical container, and a core 1-1 serving as a soft magnetic body disposed at the axial center of the coil 1-2 on the measurement end surface 1-4 side. The machine tool can perform a tool change operation at a higher speed without compromising the detection accuracy.