Edge-Emitting Semiconductor Laser Passive Waveguide Heat Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Edge-emitting semiconductor lasers experience increased non-radiative recombination at side facets, leading to heat generation and potential damage due to high laser intensities, as charge carriers recombine and absorb radiation, causing instability and risk of melting.

Innovation Solution

An edge-emitting semiconductor laser design featuring an active waveguide with a passive waveguide optically coupled to it, where the passive waveguide has a larger electronic band gap, reducing non-radiative recombination and heat generation by redirecting laser radiation away from the active layer at the side facets, thereby minimizing intensity and risk of damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the active layer is positioned at the side facets to generate laser radiation, then the laser intensity is high, but non-radiative recombination increases causing heat generation and potential damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelaser intensityVSAvoidheat generation from non-radiative recombination
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The waveguide structure is segmented into multiple layers: a first waveguide layer containing the active layer, a second waveguide layer without active layer, and intermediate/cladding layers. This segmentation allows the laser radiation to be distributed across different layers, reducing the intensity concentration at the side facets in the active layer while maintaining overall laser power output.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extends the waveguide structure in the vertical dimension by adding multiple waveguide layers and cladding layers. This vertical dimensionality change allows laser radiation to propagate through multiple layers, effectively distributing the energy in three dimensions rather than concentrating it in a single plane, thereby reducing heat generation at the side facets.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If the active layer absorbs laser radiation to compensate for charge carrier depletion, then the depletion is compensated, but heat is generated reducing the band gap and favoring further non-radiative recombination

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharge carrier depletion compensationVSAvoidsemiconductor temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The intermediate layers (second cladding layer, third cladding layer) act as mediators between the first and second waveguide layers. These layers facilitate controlled optical coupling while providing thermal management, allowing the system to compensate for charge carrier depletion through radiation absorption in the active layer while the intermediate layers help manage the resulting heat to prevent excessive temperature rise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If a passivation layer is applied to side facets to reduce non-radiative recombination, then recombination is reduced, but the structural complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenon-radiative recombination at side facetsVSAvoidlayer structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the waveguide function with the heat management function by integrating multiple waveguide layers and cladding layers into a unified structure. This combined structure not only guides laser radiation but also inherently manages heat distribution, reducing the need for separate passivation layers and thereby limiting the increase in structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces non-radiative recombination and heat generation at the side facets, lowering the risk of damage and maintaining stability by ensuring laser radiation intensity is minimized in the active layer, while maintaining efficient propagation through the passive waveguide.

Implementation Method 1

the second waveguide layer is optically coupled to the first waveguide layer at least in some areas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical coupling:

Implementation Method 2

an active waveguide, which is formed from the first waveguide layer with the active layer embedded therein, and a passive waveguide optically coupled to the first waveguide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWaveguide: Waveguide (optics)

Implementation Method 3

The second waveguide layer preferably has a larger electronic band gap than the active layer, so that the second waveguide layer is essentially transparent to the laser radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption (EM radiation): Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP2043209B1Edge emitting semiconductor laser with a waveguide
Publication Date: 2011.10.26 OSRAM OPTO SEMICON GMBH & CO OHG
  • EP2043209B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2043209B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The edge-emitting semiconductor laser has a laser radiation (13) that produces an active layer (3), two waveguides (1,2) and two coating layers (4,5). The active layer is embedded in the former waveguide layer. The latter waveguide is provided adjacent to the latter coating layer, in which no active layer is embedded. A third coating layer (6) is arranged at a side of the latter waveguide, which is averted from the former wave guide.