Edge Watermarking for Live Streaming Collusion Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing A/B forensic watermarking schemes in VOD streaming are vulnerable to collusion attacks and require high computational resources for real-time user information encoding, leading to potential transmission delays and increased system costs.
Innovation Solution
A method that inserts watermarks of type A and B into segments of multimedia content, with every Nth segment being original, and uses edge computing to insert a W watermark containing user information only at cyclic Nth positions, allowing real-time playback even with low-performance devices.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If user information is inserted into every video frame through encoding process, then forensic watermarking can resist collusion attacks, but transmission delay increases and computational resources are excessively consumed
Solution Approach 1:
The video stream is divided into segments, and forensic watermarking is applied selectively to specific segments (e.g., keyframes or interval frames) rather than every frame. This segmentation approach maintains anti-collusion capability while significantly reducing the computational burden and transmission delay associated with watermarking every single frame.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of applying watermarking to all frames (excessive action), the system applies watermarking only to a subset of frames that are sufficient for forensic identification (partial action). This partial application reduces computational resources and transmission delay while maintaining the essential forensic tracking functionality.
2Reliability
If encoding process is applied to insert user information into video frames, then forensic watermarking can identify distributors, but system costs increase proportionally with the number of users
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the watermarking process by applying it only to specific frames rather than all frames, reducing the overall computational load and associated system costs while maintaining distributor identification capability across multiple user sessions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the parameter of watermarking application from 'every frame' to 'selective frames' (such as keyframes or frames at specific intervals). This parameter change reduces the computational complexity and system costs while preserving the ability to identify distributors through forensic analysis.
3Productivity
If A/B watermarking scheme is used with segments combined according to session information, then real-time streaming is efficient, but the system becomes vulnerable to collusion attacks
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges the A/B watermarking scheme with selective frame watermarking by combining the efficiency of segment-based A/B watermarks with the enhanced security of user-specific watermarks applied to keyframes. This integration maintains real-time streaming efficiency while adding resistance to collusion attacks.
Solution Approach 2:
The forensic watermarking system uses a composite approach by combining multiple watermarking techniques (A/B watermarking for efficiency and selective user-specific watermarking for security) into a unified system. This composite strategy achieves both real-time streaming efficiency and resistance to collusion attacks.
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention provides a system and a method for providing real-time forensic watermarking using edge computing in a live streaming environment. The pre-processing device receives original segments of multimedia content, inserts an A watermark and a B watermark according to the A/B watermarking scheme into each original segment, and generate an A content and a B content. Herein, every segment at the cyclic Nth positions of both the A content and the B content is retained as the original segment. The edge device generates a W watermark using predetermined session information, inserts the W watermark into the original segment at the cyclic Nth positions, and encodes it into a W segment. The CDN device transmits the A segment or the B segment according to the order determined by the A/B watermarking scheme for the 1st to (N-1)th segments, and transmits the W segment for the Nth segment.