EDLC Binder Expansion Control in γ-Butyrolactone

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electric double-layer capacitors with coated electrodes using γ-butyrolactone as a solvent face significant internal resistance increases at elevated temperatures, limiting their operational range to 60°C due to binder expansion issues, which worsens at 85°C.

Innovation Solution

Employing a coated electrode with a styrene-butadiene elastomer binder that has an expansion rate of 50% or less in γ-butyrolactone at 85°C, and using an electrolyte solution with a fluorine-containing anion, along with a current collector with reduced water content and a conductive coating layer, to mitigate internal resistance changes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If a coated electrode with acrylic elastomer binder is used in γ-butyrolactone electrolyte solution, then the capacitor can operate at elevated temperatures, but the internal resistance increases significantly due to binder expansion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating temperatureVSAvoidinternal resistance stability
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameter of the binder from acrylic elastomer to styrene-butadiene elastomer, which has fundamentally different swelling characteristics in γ-butyrolactone. This parameter change transforms the binder's expansion behavior at elevated temperatures, resolving the contradiction between temperature capability and resistance stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite electrode structure where styrene-butadiene elastomer binder is combined with activated carbon and conductive auxiliary agents. This composite material system provides both the mechanical binding function and the thermal stability required for high-temperature operation in γ-butyrolactone electrolyte solutions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If the binder expansion is suppressed to maintain low internal resistance, then the electrode structure stability improves, but the binding agent effectiveness may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinternal resistance stabilityVSAvoidbinder structural stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the binder's chemical structure by selecting styrene-butadiene elastomer with specific molecular characteristics that provide both low expansion in γ-butyrolactone and adequate binding strength. The parameter change in elastomer type resolves the contradiction between suppression of expansion and maintenance of binding effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional acrylic elastomer binder is used, then the electrode can be manufactured easily, but the capacitor cannot maintain performance at temperatures above 60°C

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrode manufacturing easeVSAvoidmaximum operating temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the binder material parameter from acrylic elastomer to styrene-butadiene elastomer, which maintains the ease of manufacturing through similar coating processes while fundamentally improving the temperature performance. The new elastomer type allows operation up to 85°C without performance degradation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively suppresses the expansion of the binding agent, reducing internal resistance changes and enhancing the long-term reliability of electric double-layer capacitors, allowing them to operate effectively up to 85°C.

Implementation Method 1

a styrene-butadiene elastomer having an expansion rate of 50% or less in γ-butyrolactone at 85°C after 100 hours

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExpansion rate control: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 2

an electrolyte solution with a fluorine-containing anion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrolyte conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 3

a current collector with reduced water content

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWater content reduction: Desorption

Data Source

PatentEP2485228B1Electric double-layer capacitor
Publication Date: 2023.08.09 NIPPON CHEMI CON CORP
  • EP2485228B1 patent drawingFigure 1~1(C)
  • EP2485228B1 patent drawingFigure 2~2(B)
  • EP2485228B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The electric double-layer capacitor of the present invention comprises an electrolyte solution comprising γ-butyrolactone as the solvent and acoated electrode. The coated electrodeis produced by using water as the solvent, and prepared by coating a slurry onto a current collector, wherein the slurry consists of an electrode material which is the solute, an electrically conductive auxiliary agent, and an elastomer having an expansion rate of 50% or less in γ-butyrolactone at 85°C after 100 hours as the binding agent.For example, a styrene-butadiene elastomer is employed as the elastomer. Because expansion ratein γ-butyrolactone is low, deterioration of internal resistance does not occur. Styrene-butadiene elastomer is easy to handle since water can be used as the solvent for the slurry.