Gaseous Effluent Absorption With Heat Recovery for CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies for treating gaseous effluent to sequester pollutants like carbon dioxide are energy and capital intensive, making them challenging to implement effectively.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a process vessel with direct contact cooling and absorption zones, where gaseous effluent-derived materials are cooled and then contacted with absorption-effective materials to absorb pollutants, producing a pollutant-lean gas stream and a loaded absorbent, with energy recovery from waste heat to facilitate the process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If conventional technologies are used to treat gaseous effluent and sequester pollutants, then pollutant removal is achieved, but energy consumption and capital costs increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The gaseous effluent is cooled to near-ambient temperature before entering the absorption zone. This preliminary cooling action prepares the gas for more effective absorption by reducing its temperature, thereby increasing the efficiency of pollutant capture without requiring excessive energy input during the absorption process itself.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the temperature parameter of the gaseous effluent from high temperature to near-ambient temperature through cooling. This parameter change optimizes the absorption process by creating favorable thermal conditions for pollutant sequestration, reducing the energy required for absorption while maintaining high removal efficiency.
2Reliability
If high energy input is applied to cool and process gaseous effluent, then absorption efficiency improves, but overall energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the harmful high temperature of the gaseous effluent into a beneficial resource by using it to preheat the absorbent material. This heat exchange process cools the effluent to near-ambient temperature for optimal absorption while simultaneously heating the absorbent, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption of the system while maintaining high absorption efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling and heating processes are merged into a single heat exchange operation. The gaseous effluent and absorbent material exchange thermal energy in an integrated process, achieving both cooling of the gas and heating of the absorbent simultaneously. This merging eliminates the need for separate heating and cooling systems, reducing energy consumption while ensuring reliable absorption efficiency.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If complex processing systems are used to treat gaseous effluent, then pollutant removal effectiveness increases, but device complexity and capital costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The processing system is segmented into distinct functional zones within the process vessel: a cooling zone for temperature reduction and an absorption zone for pollutant capture. This segmentation allows each zone to perform its specific function efficiently without requiring complex integrated systems, reducing overall device complexity while maintaining effective pollutant removal.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses an absorbent material as an intermediary substance to facilitate pollutant removal. The absorbent is introduced into the absorption zone where it directly contacts and captures pollutants from the cooled gaseous effluent. This intermediary approach simplifies the system by using a straightforward absorption mechanism rather than complex separation or conversion technologies.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method reduces energy consumption and costs by efficiently removing pollutants from gaseous effluent, producing a pollutant-lean gas stream and a concentrated absorbent, enabling effective pollutant sequestration and storage.
Implementation Method 1
contacting an absorption-unsuitable gaseous material with liquid cooling material, with effect that at least a cooled gaseous material is produced
Implementation Method 2
contacting an absorption-ready gaseous material, derived from the cooled gaseous material, with an absorption-effective material, with effect that at least a portion of the pollutant material, of the absorption-ready gaseous material, is absorbed by the absorption-effective material
Implementation Method 3
heating the pollutant material-rich absorbent-comprising material product, with effect that a pollutant material-rich gaseous material is released from the pollutant material-rich absorbent-comprising material
Implementation Method 4
the cooling, of the absorption-resisting gaseous material, co-operates with the heating of the pollutant material-rich absorbent-comprising material product, such that the heating, of the pollutant material-rich absorbent-comprising material product, is effected by energy recovered from the cooling of the hot gaseous effluent material
Data Source
AI summary
There is provided a method of treating a gaseous effluent material that includes pollutant material, comprising establishing a gaseous effluent derivative material flow, that is derived from the gaseous effluent material and is motivated by a prime mover. The processing of the gaseous effluent derivative material flow is effected via a process configuration that is disposed downstream of the prime mover. The pollutant is absorbed by an absorption-effective material via the process configuration Heat is recovered via the process configuration for effecting desorption of the pollutant material from the absorption-effective material.