Low Pressure EGR Leakage Detection via Lambda Error Regression

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Solution Overview

Problem

Internal combustion engines face challenges in controlling NOx emissions due to potential leaks in low-pressure EGR recirculation circuits, where fresh air can enter instead of exhaust gases, improving power but compromising emission control.

Innovation Solution

A leakage detection system calculates lambda error values, EGR flow rates, and regression lines to identify faults by monitoring the angular coefficient of the regression line, signaling errors if the coefficient exceeds a predefined threshold.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If fresh air enters the low pressure EGR duct (leakage or voluntary opening), then engine power and torque improve, but NOx emission control deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine powerVSAvoidNOx emissions
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors the EGR circuit by calculating lambda error values from exhaust gas measurements and comparing actual EGR flow rates against expected values. When deviations exceed thresholds, the system provides feedback signals to alert operators of potential leaks or unauthorized openings, enabling corrective action to maintain both power and emission control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Object-generated harmful factors

If a leakage detection system is implemented to monitor the low pressure EGR duct, then NOx emission control improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNOx emissionsVSAvoiddetection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses lambda sensors in the exhaust line as intermediary measurement devices to indirectly detect EGR circuit leaks. By measuring exhaust gas composition and calculating lambda errors, the system infers leakage conditions without requiring direct sensors in the EGR duct itself, thus maintaining emission control while limiting additional complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The detection system replaces complex mechanical leak detection methods with computational analysis of exhaust gas measurements. By using software-based regression analysis and statistical threshold comparison of lambda error values, the system achieves reliable leak detection while reducing mechanical complexity compared to traditional pressure sensing or flow measurement approaches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of operation

If the low pressure EGR duct is accidentally ruptured or voluntarily opened, then ease of operation improves (driver can increase performance), but reliability of the EGR system deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedriver controlVSAvoidEGR system integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The monitoring system provides continuous feedback on EGR circuit integrity by comparing measured EGR flow rates against expected values calculated from engine operating conditions. When discrepancies indicate duct rupture or unauthorized opening, the system alerts the driver, allowing voluntary performance enhancement while maintaining awareness of reliability compromises.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary detection and warning before complete EGR system failure occurs. By continuously monitoring for small deviations in lambda error patterns and EGR flow characteristics, the system can alert drivers to developing leaks or unauthorized openings, allowing corrective action before reliability deteriorates completely.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3227544B1A leakage detection system of a low pressure EGR circuit of an internal combustion engine
Publication Date: 2018.11.28 FPT IND SPA
  • EP3227544B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3227544B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3227544B1 patent drawing

AI summary

A method and system for detecting a leakage/fault of a detection system of a low pressure EGR circuit (RL) of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising the following steps - (step 1 ) acquisition of a. lambda value measured at the exhaust (λ measured ) by said third means for measuring or estimating (λ and/or NOx), - (step 2) calculation of a theoretical value (λexp ) of said air/fuel ratio, calculated based on said measured or estimated quantities of fresh air ( m HFM ) and fuel ( m FUEL ), - (step 3 ) calculation of an error ( λ err } between said measured and theoretical values of air/ fuel ratio ( λ measured - λexp ) - (step 4) calculation/estimation of a quantity/flow of recirculated low pressure exhaust gas ( m EGR ), - ( step 5 ) calculation of a linear regression on said quantity of recirculated exhaust gas ( m EGR ) and said error ( λ err ) - ( step 6) signalling of a leakage/fault on said low pressure EGR circuit when an angular coefficient (b) of said linear regression exceeds a predefined first positive threshold (bmax).