Elastomeric Optical Fiber Inverse Coating for Flexibility

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional optical fibers, particularly those made of glass and polymers, face limitations in mechanical flexibility, thermal stability, and optical attenuation, making them unsuitable for applications requiring high elongation, chemical resistance, and sensitivity to physical or chemical influences.

Innovation Solution

The method involves producing elastomeric optical fibers with a fibrous core and cladding made from uncrosslinked elastomer compositions, allowing for independent selection of process parameters and achieving a high-quality interface through 'inverse' construction within a hollow body, enabling flexible and functionalized fibers with multiple cladding layers.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If glass fibers are used for long-distance light transmission, then optical conductivity is improved, but mechanical flexibility deteriorates and the fibers become stiff and break easily

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical attenuationVSAvoidmechanical flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses polymer composite materials (specifically polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate) to create optical fibers that combine the optical transmission properties needed for light guidance with the mechanical flexibility of polymers. This composite approach allows the fiber to maintain low optical attenuation while achieving elongation at break of approximately 10% and significantly improved flexibility compared to glass fibers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If polymer optical fibers are used to improve flexibility, then mechanical stability is improved, but optical attenuation increases making them suitable only for short transmission distances

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical flexibilityVSAvoidoptical attenuation
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes specific material parameters including the molecular weight, composition ratios, and processing conditions of the polymer materials to achieve a balance between mechanical flexibility and optical transmission. By carefully controlling the polymerization degree and additive concentrations, the fiber achieves reduced optical attenuation while maintaining high elongation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If conventional POF are functionalized with fluorescent dyes for sensory applications, then sensory functionality is improved, but thermal and mechanical stability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensory functionalityVSAvoidthermal and mechanical stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a coupling agent or crosslinking mechanism that serves as an intermediary between the fluorescent dye molecules and the polymer matrix. This intermediary structure anchors the dye molecules firmly within the polymer network, preventing their migration or degradation under thermal and mechanical stress, thereby maintaining both sensory functionality and material stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Productivity

If high crosslinking temperatures up to 300°C are used to manufacture POF, then curing speed is improved, but temperature-unstable functional components are degraded

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecuring speedVSAvoidfunctional component stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes phase transition phenomena in the polymerization process, specifically employing a two-stage curing approach where initial low-temperature processing establishes the polymer matrix structure, followed by controlled crosslinking at moderate temperatures. This phase-based processing allows functional components to remain stable while achieving complete curing and crosslinking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The resulting elastomeric optical fibers exhibit enhanced mechanical stability, high chemical resistance, and improved optical performance, suitable for applications involving harsh conditions and sensitive detection, with reduced optical attenuation and increased flexibility.

Implementation Method 1

The force acting in the first direction is generated by the force of gravity acting on the first uncrosslinked elastomer mixture

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravity: Gravitation

Implementation Method 2

The force acting in the first direction is generated by rotating the hollow body around an axis of rotation that is not parallel to the first direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCentrifugal force: Centrifugal Force

Implementation Method 3

at least partially curing the elastomer mixture; curing the fiber sheath and the fiber core in the hollow body

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrosslinking: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 4

optical fibers that can, for example, perform a sensory function, i.e., change their optical conductivity properties under the influence of external physical or chemical effects

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3001101B1Functionalized elastomer step-index optical fibre and method for producing step-index optical fibres
Publication Date: 2020.04.01 BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
  • EP3001101B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1E
  • EP3001101B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2E
  • EP3001101B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for producing elastomeric optical waveguides, in particular optical fibers, comprises providing a hollow body (10) with at least one hollow channel (13) extending along a first direction (13); forming a fiber sheath (20, 21, 22) in the hollow channel (11) by coating the inner wall (12) of the hollow channel (11) with at least one first uncrosslinked, flowable elastomer mixture under the influence of a force acting in the first direction, leaving a cavity (29) surrounded by the fiber sheath (20, 21, 22); forming a fiber core (30) in the cavity (29) by filling the cavity (29) with a further uncrosslinked, flowable elastomer mixture; and forming an optical waveguide (100) comprising the fiber sheath (20, 21, 22) and the fiber core (30) by hardening the fiber sheath (20, 21, 22) and the fiber core (30).