Electret Loudspeaker Directionality via Non-Uniform Spacer Volumes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electret loudspeaker devices have inherent great directionality, limiting their applications due to fixed sound field characteristics, necessitating a design that can adjust sound field directionality for broader usage.
Innovation Solution
The electret loudspeaker device incorporates a diaphragm, perforated electrodes, and spacers with varying opening space volumes and distribution areas to form sounding unit cells, allowing for adjustable directionality by manipulating sound wave interference patterns, enabling both low and high directionality designs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional electret loudspeaker device uses uniform spacer structure, then manufacturing is simple, but sound field directionality is fixed and cannot be adjusted for different applications
Solution Approach 1:
The spacer is designed with non-uniform opening distributions at different locations. The first spacer has first openings in a first distribution area and second openings in a second distribution area with different opening sizes and/or densities. This local variation in opening configuration allows different regions to contribute differently to sound wave interference patterns, enabling adjustment of sound field directionality while maintaining a relatively simple overall spacer structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The spacer is segmented into multiple functional zones with different opening configurations. By dividing the spacer into regions with distinct opening patterns (first distribution area with first openings, second distribution area with second openings), the device can create multiple interference patterns that combine to form adjustable sound field directionality characteristics.
2Adaptability or versatility
If electret loudspeaker device has great inherent directionality, then sound field is focused, but application scope is limited due to fixed characteristics
Solution Approach 1:
The device enables dynamic adjustment of sound field directionality through the designed spacer opening configurations. By carefully selecting the sizes, densities, and distributions of openings in different spacer regions, the sound field characteristics can be optimized for different application scenarios (e.g., omnidirectional, directional, or focused sound fields) while maintaining reliable performance for each specific application type.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration allows for tailored sound field directionality, enhancing or reducing the loudspeaker's directional characteristics to suit specific applications, making it suitable for general or specific use cases.
Implementation Method 1
An electret loudspeaker device uses an electrostatic field of an electret diaphragm to transform audio signals of different potentials coming from an electrode layer into a sound field
Implementation Method 2
as a result of interference from every sound wave coming from unit sounding cell, a sound field emitted from the electret loudspeaker device has inherently great directionality in the far field in nature
Data Source
AI summary
An electret loudspeaker device including a diaphragm, a first perforated electrode and a first spacer is provided. The diaphragm has an electret layer and an electrode layer. The first perforated electrode is stacked on a side of the diaphragm near the electret layer, and has multiple holes. The first spacer is stacked between the diaphragm and the first perforated electrode, and includes a first distribution area and plural second distribution areas. The first distribution area has first openings penetrating through the first spacer, and each first opening has a first opening space volume between the diaphragm and the first perforated electrode. Each second distribution area has second openings penetrating through the first spacer, and each second opening has a second opening space volume between the diaphragm and the first perforated electrode. A difference between the first and the second opening space volumes is greater than 10%.