Electric Braking Chopper for Battery-Limited Two-Wheeler Deceleration
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Solution Overview
Problem
The braking power of electric vehicles, particularly two-wheelers and three-wheelers, is heavily dependent on the temperature and state of charge of the vehicle battery, leading to inefficient regenerative braking and reduced maximum braking power.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a braking chopper unit with at least one braking resistor, which is operatively connected to the electric motor and vehicle battery, to dissipate excess energy generated during braking, thereby improving braking functionality independently of battery temperature and state of charge.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If the electric motor is used for regenerative braking and energy is stored in the vehicle battery, then kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, but the braking power becomes heavily dependent on the temperature and state of charge of the vehicle battery
Solution Approach 1:
The braking energy management is segmented into two independent pathways: (1) regenerative braking pathway where the electric motor converts kinetic energy to electrical energy stored in the vehicle battery, and (2) friction braking pathway where the braking chopper unit dissipates excess energy as heat through a braking resistor. This segmentation allows the system to maintain reliable braking power by switching between or combining both pathways depending on battery conditions, thereby resolving the contradiction between regenerative efficiency and braking reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The braking chopper unit acts as an intermediary component that manages excess braking energy by routing it to the braking resistor for dissipation. This intermediary mechanism decouples the braking power availability from battery state of charge and temperature constraints, allowing the electric motor to maintain consistent braking performance regardless of battery conditions, thus resolving the reliability issue while preserving regenerative braking capabilities.
2Quantity of substance
If the vehicle battery has high state of charge or extreme temperature, then energy absorption capacity is reduced, but the electric motor cannot decelerate the vehicle sufficiently
Solution Approach 1:
The braking chopper unit extracts and removes excess braking energy from the system by routing it to the braking resistor for dissipation. This extraction mechanism bypasses the battery's limited energy absorption capacity, allowing the electric motor to maintain full braking power even when the battery cannot accept additional energy due to high state of charge or extreme temperatures, thereby resolving the contradiction between energy absorption capacity and braking power.
3Device complexity
If only the vehicle battery is used for energy storage during braking, then the system is simple, but the braking functionality is limited by battery conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The braking system is designed with multi-functionality by incorporating both regenerative braking capability (electric motor converting kinetic energy to electrical energy) and friction braking capability (braking chopper unit dissipating energy as heat). This universal design allows the system to adapt to various operating conditions including different battery states of charge and temperatures, thereby significantly enhancing braking functionality versatility while maintaining reasonable system complexity through integrated control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances the availability and reproducibility of electric braking, fully utilizes the recuperation potential of the vehicle, and enables the implementation of additional value-added functions such as hill start and auto-hold functionalities.
Implementation Method 1
a braking chopper unit which is operatively connected to the electric motor and the vehicle battery, has at least one braking resistor, and is provided for dissipating excess energy generated by the electric motor during the braking operation
Implementation Method 2
the electric motor is operated in particular as a generator during the braking operation and is provided for generating a recuperative braking torque. In this context, the electric motor is provided in particular for converting kinetic energy from the vehicle into electrical energy
Data Source
AI summary
A vehicle, in particular a two-wheeler or three-wheeler. The vehicle includes at least one electric motor which is provided for decelerating the vehicle and/or at least one vehicle wheel of the vehicle during a braking operation, and at least one vehicle battery which is functionally coupled to the electric motor. The vehicle has a braking chopper unit which is operatively connected to the electric motor and the vehicle battery, has at least one braking resistor, and is provided for dissipating excess energy generated by the electric motor during the braking operation.