Electric Machine Non-Contact Fluid Interface

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric machines face challenges in efficiently transferring cooling fluids between rotating and non-rotating parts without leaking, requiring complex sealing mechanisms that impact reliability, cost, weight, and envelope constraints.

Innovation Solution

The design incorporates a non-contact interface with converging and diverging nozzles in fluid passages to accelerate and decelerate fluid flow across axial and radial gaps between rotating and non-rotating parts, minimizing leakage and eliminating the need for traditional sealing mechanisms.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional sealing mechanisms are used to transfer fluid between rotating and non-rotating parts, then fluid transfer is achieved, but device complexity, weight, and reliability are adversely affected

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereliabilityVSAvoidcomplexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the sealing mechanism entirely from the fluid transfer system. By using a non-contact interface where fluid passes through a gap between rotating and non-rotating parts without physical seals, the complexity and reliability issues associated with sealing mechanisms are eliminated while maintaining fluid transfer functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical sealing system with a fluid dynamic system. Instead of using mechanical contacts and seals to prevent leakage, the invention uses controlled fluid flow through a non-contact gap, substituting mechanical reliability concerns with fluid dynamic control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If traditional sealing mechanisms are used to transfer fluid between rotating and non-rotating parts, then fluid transfer is achieved, but weight is increased

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereliabilityVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the sealing mechanism entirely from the fluid transfer system. By using a non-contact interface where fluid passes through a gap between rotating and non-rotating parts without physical seals, the complexity and reliability issues associated with sealing mechanisms are eliminated while maintaining fluid transfer functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical sealing system with a fluid dynamic system. Instead of using mechanical contacts and seals to prevent leakage, the invention uses controlled fluid flow through a non-contact gap, substituting mechanical reliability concerns with fluid dynamic control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If converging nozzles are used to increase fluid velocity, then fluid transfer efficiency is improved, but pressure is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefluid transfer efficiencyVSAvoidpressure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs dynamic nozzle design where converging nozzles accelerate fluid to increase transfer efficiency across the non-contact interface. The system dynamically balances velocity increase with pressure management, using the pressure-velocity relationship to optimize fluid transfer through the gap while maintaining sufficient pressure for effective cooling and lubrication.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes fluid parameters (velocity, pressure, flow rate) through strategically placed converging and diverging nozzles. The converging nozzles increase velocity to improve transfer efficiency, while diverging nozzles downstream recover pressure, dynamically adjusting parameters to optimize both efficiency and pressure requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Stress or pressure

If diverging nozzles are used to decrease fluid velocity, then pressure is recovered, but fluid transfer efficiency is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovepressureVSAvoidfluid transfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs dynamic nozzle design where converging nozzles accelerate fluid to increase transfer efficiency across the non-contact interface. The system dynamically balances velocity increase with pressure management, using the pressure-velocity relationship to optimize fluid transfer through the gap while maintaining sufficient pressure for effective cooling and lubrication.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes fluid parameters (velocity, pressure, flow rate) through strategically placed converging and diverging nozzles. The converging nozzles increase velocity to improve transfer efficiency, while diverging nozzles downstream recover pressure, dynamically adjusting parameters to optimize both efficiency and pressure requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances reliability by preventing wear and maintaining efficiency while reducing complexity and weight, offering a cost-effective solution for fluid transfer between rotating and non-rotating components.

Implementation Method 1

a first converging nozzle forming part of the first fluid passage to increase the velocity of liquid passing at the first outlet relative to the velocity at the first inlet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConverging nozzle flow acceleration: Bernoulli Effect

Implementation Method 2

a diverging nozzle forming part of the second fluid passage to decrease the velocity of liquid passing through the second fluid passage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiverging nozzle flow deceleration: Bernoulli Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3677754B1Electric machine with non-contact interface
Publication Date: 2023.04.05 GE AVIATION SYSTEMS LLC
  • EP3677754B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3677754B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3677754B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A generator (10) for generating power having a rotary union (33) between a rotor (32) and a stator (34), the rotary union (33) comprising a first fluid passage (50) having a converging nozzle (56) and located within the stator having a first inlet (52) and a first outlet (54), a second fluid passage (60) having a diverging nozzle (74) and located within the rotor (32) and having a second inlet (62) and a second outlet (64), the second inlet (62) is aligned with the first outlet (54) and at least one gap (100, 102) located between the rotor (32) and stator (34).