Electric Machine Identification via High-Frequency PUF Response
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for identifying rotating electric machines with low tolerance production series are inefficient and require complex, expensive measuring systems, especially when trying to differentiate individual machines with small differences in electrical properties.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the application of a high-frequency alternating voltage, significantly higher than the machine's working frequency, to generate a challenge-response pair, utilizing the frequency response as a physically unclonable function (PUF) for identification, which can be implemented in software at low cost and used across various electric machine configurations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional measuring systems are used to identify electric machines with low tolerances, then identification accuracy is improved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the frequency parameter of the test signal from conventional low frequencies to high frequencies (at least 50 times, preferably at least 100 times, the working frequency). This parameter change enables simple measuring devices to achieve high identification accuracy for low-tolerance production series, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies high-frequency alternating voltage to excite the electric machine, causing it to vibrate at high frequencies. The resulting high-frequency response contains unique characteristics that enable precise identification. This vibration-based approach allows simple measuring devices to achieve high measurement precision by exploiting the machine's natural high-frequency behavior
2Measurement precision
If conventional measuring systems are used to identify electric machines with low tolerances, then identification accuracy is improved, but cost increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
By changing the test frequency parameter to high frequencies (at least 50-100 times the working frequency), the patent enables accurate identification of low-tolerance machines using simple, inexpensive measuring devices. This eliminates the need for complex and expensive conventional measuring systems while maintaining high identification accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs simple measuring devices that can be implemented as inexpensive software solutions running on existing arithmetic units. This approach replaces expensive dedicated hardware measuring systems with cost-effective software-based implementations, significantly reducing system cost while maintaining identification accuracy
3Measurement precision
If high-frequency voltage is applied to differentiate individual machines, then identification precision for low-tolerance series is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies high-frequency voltage only for the brief duration needed to measure the frequency response, rather than continuously. This partial action approach provides sufficient energy to achieve high differentiation precision while minimizing overall energy consumption. The measurement is performed quickly and then stopped, avoiding excessive energy use
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively differentiates individual electric machines within production series with very low tolerances, even with simple measuring devices, by using high-frequency responses to create unique challenge-response curves, enabling efficient identification and authentication.
Implementation Method 1
a first voltage between points of a first defined point pair of the electric machine which causes an induction in the electric machine is applied or generated as a challenge
Data Source
AI summary
A method for generating a challenge-response pair in an electric machine as a basis for an identification or authentication is described, the electric machine having a stator and a rotor, a first alternating voltage between two points of a first defined point pair of the electric machine being applied as a challenge, which causes an induction in the electric machine, a variable dependent on the caused induction being determined as a response. The first alternating voltage has a frequency which is higher than the working frequency of the electric machine.