Electrical Equipment Fault Detection and Disconnection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Self-protected transformers in electricity distribution networks face challenges in effectively detecting and responding to faults, particularly when fault currents are low, leading to potential explosions due to incomplete disconnection and increased risk from complex mechanical couplings between fault detection and disconnection systems.
Innovation Solution
The integration of an electromechanical coupling between the fault detection and disconnection systems, utilizing sensors for dielectric liquid parameter monitoring and fuses for fault elimination, ensures reliable and swift disconnection of electrical equipment upon fault detection, using a series circuit with a tripping device and relay contacts to actuate a disconnection element, such as a switch disconnector, to prevent equipment damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If complex mechanical couplings are used between fault detection and disconnection systems, then the disconnection reliability is improved, but the risk of mechanical failure increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical couplings with electromagnetic fields for signal transmission between the fault detection system and disconnection system. Sensors detect faults and transmit signals electromagnetically to trigger disconnection, eliminating mechanical linkages and reducing mechanical failure risks while maintaining disconnection reliability.
2Reliability
If complete disconnection is ensured upon fault detection, then equipment safety is improved, but the response time may be delayed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary protective measures by continuously monitoring dielectric liquid parameters (temperature, pressure, level) and maintaining the system in a ready-to-disconnect state. When faults are detected, the pre-positioned disconnection mechanisms can act immediately, ensuring both complete disconnection and rapid response.
3Measurement precision
If sensors monitor dielectric liquid parameters continuously, then fault detection accuracy is improved, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs sensors that monitor specific critical parameters (temperature, pressure, level) of the dielectric liquid at key locations within the transformer. This targeted monitoring approach achieves adequate fault detection accuracy without implementing complex comprehensive monitoring systems, balancing detection precision with system simplicity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances the reliability and speed of fault response, preventing equipment damage and ensuring safety by ensuring complete disconnection upon fault detection, even for low-intensity faults, and reducing the risk of mechanical failure in the coupling mechanism.
Implementation Method 1
at least one sensor that is sensitive to variations in at least one parameter, e.g. the pressure, temperature or level of the dielectric liquid
Implementation Method 2
at least one sensor that is sensitive to variations in at least one parameter, e.g. the pressure, temperature or level of the dielectric liquid
Implementation Method 3
at least one sensor that is sensitive to variations in at least one parameter, e.g. the pressure, temperature or level of the dielectric liquid
Implementation Method 4
the fault elimination system comprises at least one fuse, whilst the disconnection system comprises a switch or switch disconnector, so that if there is an event indicating the detection of a variation in at least one parameter of the dielectric liquid or if a high current passes through the fuse
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to electrical equipment for electricity distribution networks, e.g. a multiphase self-protected transformer, with the special feature that said electrical equipment comprises a fault detection system, a fault disconnection system and a fault elimination system, the fault detection system and the fault disconnection system being linked electromechanically. The fault detection system comprises at least one sensor that is sensitive to variations in at least one parameter of the dielectric liquid contained in the tank of the electrical equipment; the fault elimination system comprises at least one fuse and the fault disconnection system comprises a switch disconnector, so that in the case of an event indicating a fault, the fault elimination system and/or the fault disconnection system disconnects the electrical equipment.