Electrical Line Diagnosis Using DSP and Reflectometry

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for predicting cable failures in industrial environments are inaccurate, require additional conductors, or disrupt normal operation, failing to provide robust and efficient predictive maintenance for electrical lines.

Innovation Solution

A device with a digital signal processor and electronic control unit is installed between two sections of an electrical line, monitoring signal quality, bit error rates, and time-domain reflectometry to predict failure, wear, and aging, allowing continuous monitoring without disrupting normal operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If additional wire pairs or conductors are used for measurement, then measurement capability is improved, but cable complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecable condition detection accuracyVSAvoidcable structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes existing data cable conductors serve dual purposes: both data transmission and cable condition measurement. The measurement function is integrated into the normal operational conductors, eliminating the need for separate measurement wires and achieving multi-functionality from existing cable infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The cable uses its own operational data signals to perform self-diagnosis. By analyzing parameters such as signal attenuation, noise levels, and transmission errors from the data traffic itself, the cable monitors its own condition without requiring external measurement conductors or additional infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Ease of manufacture

If reactive maintenance is used, then implementation simplicity is improved, but operational reliability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemaintenance system simplicityVSAvoidsystem operational reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors cable condition parameters during operation and provides feedback about cable health status. This feedback mechanism enables transition from reactive to predictive maintenance by alerting operators to deteriorating cable conditions before actual failures occur, allowing planned maintenance interventions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary assessment of cable condition by continuously analyzing transmission parameters during normal operation. This preliminary monitoring detects early signs of cable degradation, enabling maintenance actions to be taken before actual cable failure occurs, thus preventing operational disruptions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If cable monitoring is implemented, then predictive maintenance capability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepredictive maintenance capabilityVSAvoidmonitoring system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The monitoring system leverages the cable's own operational signals to perform self-diagnosis. By extracting measurement information from the data traffic already flowing through the cable, the system achieves predictive maintenance capability without requiring separate measurement infrastructure or complex external monitoring equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent integrates measurement and evaluation functions into the existing data communication infrastructure. The same conductors and signal processing components used for data transmission are also utilized for cable condition monitoring, achieving multi-functionality and avoiding additional hardware complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Ease of manufacture

If standard cables are used, then ease of installation is improved, but measurement accuracy deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecable installation easeVSAvoidcable condition measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system enables standard cables to perform self-monitoring by analyzing their own operational characteristics. No special measurement conductors or modified cable constructions are needed - the cable uses its normal data transmission signals to assess its own condition, maintaining compatibility with standard cables while achieving measurement capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent measures cable condition by monitoring changes in transmission parameters such as signal attenuation, noise levels, and bit error rates during operation. These parameter variations provide information about cable health status without requiring physical modification to the cable structure, allowing standard cables to be measured accurately.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables accurate, continuous prediction of cable failure probability, reducing operational disruptions and maintenance costs by integrating monitoring into existing systems without requiring additional conductors or bandwidth.

Implementation Method 1

time-domain reflectometry to predict failure, wear, and aging

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime-domain reflectometry: Echo

Data Source

PatentEP3916413B1Device and method for line and cable diagnosis
Publication Date: 2025.12.24 LAPP ENG
  • EP3916413B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3916413B1 patent drawingFigure 4
  • EP3916413B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A device proposed here serves to diagnose an electrical line in order to predict failure, wear, and/or aging of the line. The electrical line is designed to connect two electrical units. The electrical line comprises at least two sections. The device is inserted between these two sections. For this purpose, the device includes a first and a second interface for contacting one end of each of the two sections of the electrical line. A detection device with a digital signal processor is provided at at least one of the second interfaces. The digital signal processor is configured and programmed to provide at least one of the following characteristics with respect to each of the two sections of the electrical line: a signal-to-noise ratio, quantities to be output by the digital signal processor, and/or time-domain reflectometry data.Furthermore, the device includes an electronic control unit to control the operation of the digital signal processor, to receive and process characteristics provided by the digital signal processor in order to obtain a measure of the probability of failure, wear and/or aging of the line, and to output the measure.