Electrical Line State Detection Using Measurement Pulses

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for detecting damage in electrical cables are not reliable in identifying all damaged areas, leading to operational interruptions and high maintenance costs, as they either fail to detect all types of damage or require complex signal processing and interruptions in data transmission.

Innovation Solution

A method and device that transmit measurement pulses during data transmission intervals, measure reflected signal components, and evaluate them to determine the condition of electrical lines, allowing for the detection of damaged areas without disrupting data transmission, by utilizing the physical and data link layers of the OSI model to assess signal quality and bit error rates.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If measurement pulses are transmitted during data transmission, then continuous monitoring of electrical lines is enabled, but data transmission interruptions occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous monitoring reliabilityVSAvoiddata transmission continuity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic measurement pulses transmitted at defined intervals during data transmission. The control unit sends measurement pulses at specific time points while data transmission continues, allowing periodic monitoring without complete interruption. This resolves the contradiction by making the monitoring action periodic rather than continuous, maintaining both monitoring reliability and data transmission productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

2Reliability

If complex signal processing is used to detect all damage types, then detection reliability improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedamage detection reliabilityVSAvoidsignal processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the signal processing into distinct functional blocks: a measurement pulse generator, a signal receiver, a reflection component extractor, and an evaluation unit. Each block performs a specific function in the detection chain. This segmentation allows the system to detect all damage types reliably while keeping each individual processing stage simple and manageable, resolving the contradiction between detection reliability and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If TDR-based cable test systems are used, then cable function calculation is enabled, but not all damage types are detected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecable function measurementVSAvoiddamage detection completeness
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a universal measurement system that can detect multiple types of cable damage through a single integrated approach. The evaluation unit analyzes reflection components with multiple criteria to identify different damage types (mechanical damage, water ingress, insulation deterioration) using the same TDR infrastructure. This multi-functional capability resolves the contradiction by making the system universal rather than specialized for single damage types.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables cost-effective, reliable, and continuous monitoring of electrical lines, predicting failures and optimizing cable usage, reducing maintenance and material costs by accurately determining the position and extent of damage and predicting the remaining service life.

Implementation Method 1

A TDR module calculates the correct function of a cable based on the amplitude of a test signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime domain reflectometry (TDR): Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3715880B1Method and device for determining the state of an electric line
Publication Date: 2023.10.11 LAPP ENG
  • EP3715880B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3715880B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The method serves to determine the state of an electrical conductor (1) during operation, in which data is transmitted unidirectionally or bidirectionally via the electrical conductor (1) according to a data transmission protocol (DTP). According to the invention, a) data is bundled into data packets (dp) according to the data transmission protocol, which are transmitted separately from one another via the electrical conductor (1) at time intervals (dg); b) at least one measurement pulse (mp) is transmitted via the electrical conductor (1) during the time intervals (dg); c) signal components (rsa) of the measurement pulse (mp) that were reflected at reflection points of the electrical conductor (1) are measured within a time window; and d) the reflected signal components (rsa) are evaluated and a corresponding state of the electrical conductor (1) is determined for at least one associated reflection point.