Electrical Noise Random Number Generator for Cryptography
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing random number generators fail to meet the high bit rate and quality requirements for cryptographic applications, with devices based on quantum phenomena being impractical due to complexity and cost, and electrical RNGs lacking sufficient randomness and speed.
Innovation Solution
A random number generator using an electrical noise generator with multiple channels, each comprising two or more amplifiers in series, and a threshold detector to produce high-quality, high-bit-rate random binary data, eliminating the need for complex reductive mapping techniques and ADCs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If quantum phenomena devices are used for random number generation, then the quality of randomness is improved, but the device complexity and cost increase making high bit rate impractical
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces quantum mechanical devices with an electrical system using thermal noise generators and amplifiers. The thermal noise from resistors is amplified through multiple amplifier stages to produce high-quality random binary data, eliminating the need for complex quantum devices while maintaining randomness quality and enabling high bit rates.
2Device complexity
If electrical noise generators with simple amplification are used, then the device complexity is reduced, but the randomness quality and bit rate are insufficient for cryptographic applications
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a nested structure with multiple amplifier stages (first amplifier, second amplifier, third amplifier) where each stage amplifies the thermal noise signal further. This cascaded amplification nested within the electrical noise generator channel enables sufficient signal strength to achieve both high randomness quality and high bit rate output.
3Reliability
If ADC and reductive mapping techniques are used to generate random numbers, then the randomness quality is improved, but the bit rate is limited due to ADC speed and implementation complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the ADC and reductive mapping components from the random number generation system. By directly converting amplified thermal noise to binary data through threshold detection, the system removes the bit rate limiting factors of ADC conversion speed and complex mapping algorithms, achieving high bit rates while maintaining randomness quality.
4Productivity
If multiple amplifier stages are connected in series, then the electrical noise signal strength is increased enabling high bit rate output, but feedback effects may cause oscillations reducing randomness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent addresses the potential harmful feedback effects in multi-stage amplifiers by using feedback reduction means that converts harmful feedback into beneficial thermal noise. The feedback reduction means introduces additional thermal noise that masks and randomizes any periodic oscillations, transforming the potential harm of feedback into a benefit that enhances randomness while enabling high bit rate operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a low-cost, high-quality random number generator capable of high bit rates, suitable for cryptographic applications, with improved randomness and reliability, and the ability to adjust bias for specific applications, ensuring secure key generation.
Implementation Method 1
each channel comprises two or more amplifiers electrically connected in series... each channel of the electrical noise generator being arranged to generate an electrical noise signal
Data Source
AI summary
Random number generation apparatus (2) is described that comprises a threshold detector (4) and an electrical noise generator (6). The electrical noise generator (6) has at least two channels (8a-8d) and each channel is arranged to generate an electrical noise signal. The threshold detector (4), which may comprise a digital input-output (DIO) card, is arranged to periodically compare this electrical noise signal with a threshold and to provide a binary data output that indicates whether the threshold has been exceeded. Each channel of the electrical noise generator comprises at least two amplifiers (10a-10c) electrically connected in series that preferably provide a gain of 50,000 or more. Use of the random number generation apparatus (2) for quantum cryptography applications is also described.