Electrical Steel Recrystallization Gradient for Strength and Magnetism

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrical steel used in motor and generator applications faces challenges in achieving a balance between high strength and good magnetic properties, particularly under high centrifugal forces and air gap constraints, where traditional methods like aluminum-silicon alloys and copper additions have limitations.

Innovation Solution

A method involving partial recrystallization of electrical steel through controlled segregation areas and annealing processes, utilizing silicon, aluminum, manganese, and phosphorus to create a recrystallization gradient that enhances mechanical strength while maintaining magnetic properties, allowing for a single material to be used for both rotor and stator components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If aluminum-silicon alloy concepts are used to increase strength properties, then strength increases, but magnetic properties deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestrength propertiesVSAvoidmagnetic properties
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating a non-uniform silicon distribution within the steel strip thickness. The silicon content varies from 2-3.5% in segregation areas to lower concentrations in other regions, allowing different zones to exhibit different properties. This gradient structure enables simultaneous achievement of high strength (from high-silicon segregated areas) and good magnetic properties (from lower-silicon areas), resolving the contradiction between strength enhancement and magnetic property preservation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Strength

If copper is added to increase recrystallization degree, then strength improves, but magnetic properties worsen due to excessive recrystallization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestrength propertiesVSAvoidmagnetic properties
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling copper content within a narrow range of 0.01-0.1% by mass. This controlled addition of copper promotes moderate recrystallization that enhances strength without causing excessive recrystallization that would harm magnetic properties. The specific parameter range optimization allows the material to achieve the desired balance between mechanical strength and magnetic performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If high centrifugal forces are reduced by increasing air gaps, then mechanical stress decreases, but magnetic effectiveness deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical stress resistanceVSAvoidmagnetic effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating a non-uniform silicon distribution within the steel strip thickness. The silicon content varies from 2-3.5% in segregation areas to lower concentrations in other regions, allowing different zones to exhibit different properties. This gradient structure enables simultaneous achievement of high strength (from high-silicon segregated areas) and good magnetic properties (from lower-silicon areas), resolving the contradiction between strength enhancement and magnetic property preservation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Device complexity

If a single material is used for both rotor and stator, then manufacturing complexity reduces, but optimizing both mechanical and magnetic properties becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing complexityVSAvoidperformance optimization
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies universality by developing a single electrical steel composition with silicon content of 2.0-3.5% that can serve dual purposes for both rotor and stator applications. The specific compositional range and controlled segregation pattern enable the material to simultaneously provide the high strength required for rotors (resisting centrifugal forces) and the good magnetic properties required for stators, eliminating the need for separate materials and simplifying manufacturing while maintaining performance optimization for both applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves a high upper yield point of 450 MPa to 850 MPa, enabling robust mechanical performance and excellent magnetic properties, with the ability to optimize material usage and minimize changes in punched geometries, suitable for rapidly rotating machines.

Implementation Method 1

When producing high-alloy electrical steel with silicon content > 2% by mass, segregation of silicon occurs in the slab during continuous casting

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSegregation:

Implementation Method 2

In these areas, recrystallization is somewhat delayed due to the increased silicon content, compared to areas with lower silicon content. Together with other mechanisms such as B. the shear deformation in the areas near the surface and smaller hot strip grain size in the areas near the surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRecrystallization:

Implementation Method 3

the shear deformation in the areas near the surface and smaller hot strip grain size in the areas near the surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectShear deformation:

Implementation Method 4

with an appropriate choice of a time/temperature window during the final annealing, leads to recrystallization primarily in areas near the surface that are lower in silicon

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAnnealing: Annealing

Data Source

PatentEP2787088B1Method for producing a high strength non-oriented electrical strip, electrical strip and its use
Publication Date: 2020.12.16 VOESTALPINE STAHL GMBH
  • EP2787088B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2787088B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2787088B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength, non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip, wherein a slab is cast from a melt, the slab is hot-rolled, optionally an annealing step can be performed between hot and cold rolling, and subsequently cold-rolled, and the cold-rolled strip is annealed at an annealing temperature of 600°C to 800°C, preferably 650°C to 720°C, for 60 s to 300 s, particularly 60 s to 240 s, especially between 120 s and 220 s, to achieve a partially recrystallized microstructure and to adjust strength values ​​ReH in the range of 450 MPa to 850 MPa, preferably 450 MPa to 800 MPa, for 60 s to 300 s, particularly 60 s to 240 s.