Electro-optic Aperture for Thin Camera Modules

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional variable apertures in consumer electronics devices, such as smartphones and tablets, are complex, prone to physical shock, and require additional z-height, making them unsuitable for thin-profile devices.

Innovation Solution

An electro-optic variable aperture using an active electro-chromic medium with a stack of transparent conductor layers and an electrolyte medium, controlled by a driver circuit to adjust light transmission, allowing for a continuously variable or discrete adjustment of the aperture size.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If conventional variable apertures using leaflets are used, then aperture control function is achieved, but device complexity increases and reliability decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaperture control functionVSAvoidaperture structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical leaflet-based aperture system with an electro-optic aperture that uses electric fields to control light transmission. The electro-optic medium changes its optical properties (absorption coefficient) in response to applied voltage, eliminating the need for moving mechanical parts while achieving the same aperture control function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the optical parameter (transmission coefficient) of the aperture medium by applying different voltages. By varying the voltage applied to the electro-optic medium, the absorption coefficient changes, thereby controlling the amount of light transmitted through the aperture without any mechanical movement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If conventional variable apertures using leaflets are used, then aperture control function is achieved, but device reliability decreases due to physical shock susceptibility

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaperture control functionVSAvoidaperture resistance to physical shock
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent eliminates mechanical components by using an electro-optic medium that controls light transmission through electric field effects. Since there are no moving parts, the aperture is inherently resistant to physical shock and damage, significantly improving reliability in portable devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Adaptability or versatility

If conventional variable apertures using leaflets are used, then aperture control function is achieved, but device thickness increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaperture control functionVSAvoiddevice thickness
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the bulky mechanical leaflet structure with a thin electro-optic medium layer sandwiched between transparent electrodes. This electro-optic aperture can be integrated into the existing optical path without requiring additional z-height space, thereby reducing overall device thickness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a thin electro-optic medium layer (electrochromic or liquid crystal material) as the aperture control element. This thin film structure allows the aperture to be integrated within the existing optical path without adding significant thickness to the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

4Length of stationary object

If electro-optic aperture with EC medium is used, then device thickness and complexity are reduced, but light transmission control capability must be maintained

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice thicknessVSAvoidlight transmission control capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent controls the light transmission parameter by changing the voltage applied to the electro-optic medium. By varying the voltage, the absorption coefficient of the medium changes, enabling continuous control of light transmission from fully transparent to fully opaque states, thereby maintaining full aperture control capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables flexible fine-tuning of exposure settings in camera modules, reducing device thickness and complexity while maintaining image quality, by varying the aperture size to control light transmission effectively.

Implementation Method 1

The electro-optic aperture may include an electro-chromic (EC) medium that attenuates light from the scene that is passing through the aperture, in response to a voltage being applied to a pair of transparent conductor layers between which the EC medium is sandwiched

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectro-chromic effect: Electrochromism

Data Source

PatentEP2941668B1Electro-optic aperture device
Publication Date: 2018.10.31 APPLE INC
  • EP2941668B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2941668B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2941668B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An electro-optic aperture has a stack that includes a front transparent conductor medium, an active electro-chromic medium, and a rear transparent conductor medium. The front and rear transparent conductor mediums are directly connected to each other by a conductive section located within the imaging path. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.