Electrochemical NO Sensor Calibration Scheduling for Sensitivity Drift

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electrochemical gas sensors used for delivering therapeutic nitric oxide to patients experience long-term sensitivity drift due to prolonged exposure to high concentrations and durations, leading to inaccurate dosing confirmation.

Innovation Solution

Implement a recalibration schedule based on changes in set dose, postpone calibration if alarms or user interaction is detected, and use dual sensors to measure gas concentration, with ambient air exposure to correct sensor drift without disconnecting sample lines.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If continuous gas monitoring is performed for prolonged periods to confirm accurate dosing, then patient safety and dosing accuracy are improved, but sensor sensitivity drift occurs leading to measurement inaccuracy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedosing confirmation accuracyVSAvoidsensor sensitivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary calibration actions at scheduled intervals before significant drift occurs. The calibration schedule is established in advance based on expected drift characteristics, and the sensor is recalibrated proactively according to this schedule to maintain measurement accuracy throughout continuous monitoring operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback mechanisms where sensor performance is continuously monitored and compared against expected ranges. When drift is detected or predicted based on usage patterns and alarm conditions, the system triggers recalibration actions. The feedback loop includes tracking calibration history, monitoring alarm states, and adjusting calibration timing based on actual sensor performance deviations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If sensor recalibration is performed frequently to compensate for drift, then measurement accuracy is improved, but system complexity and operational interruptions increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor accuracyVSAvoidrecalibration schedule management
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs self-calibration operations automatically based on pre-established schedules and real-time condition monitoring. The controller autonomously determines when calibration is needed based on usage patterns, alarm states, and elapsed time since last calibration, eliminating the need for manual intervention. The system serves itself by managing the entire calibration process including triggering, execution, and recording of calibration events.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements periodic calibration actions based on time intervals and usage-based triggers. Instead of continuous or manual calibration, the system schedules recalibrations at regular intervals and adjusts timing based on operational conditions such as alarm states and dosage changes. This periodic approach balances accuracy maintenance with operational continuity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Measurement precision

If calibration is executed immediately when scheduled, then sensor accuracy is maintained, but calibration may be performed during alarm conditions or user interaction leading to operational issues

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor calibration accuracyVSAvoidsystem operational continuity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The system prepares for calibration by monitoring conditions in advance and scheduling calibration for optimal times. Before executing calibration, the system checks for alarm states and user interactions, and only proceeds when conditions are favorable. This preliminary condition checking ensures calibration is performed at the right moment without disrupting critical operations or alarm responses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Reliability

If dual sensors are used to measure gas concentration for drift compensation, then measurement reliability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedosing confirmation reliabilityVSAvoidsensor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses ambient air as an intermediary reference substance for calibration. Instead of requiring a second expensive therapeutic gas cylinder, the system periodically directs ambient air through the sensor to establish a zero-reference point. This intermediary approach allows drift compensation using readily available reference material, eliminating the need for duplicate expensive gas supplies while maintaining calibration accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Ensures accurate dosing of therapeutic nitric oxide by compensating for sensor drift, reducing system complexity and maintaining patient safety.

Implementation Method 1

catalytic type electrochemical gas sensors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reaction: Redox Reactions

Data Source

PatentEP4710977A2Methods for compensating long term sensitivity drift of electrochemical gas sensors exposed to nitric oxide
Publication Date: 2026.03.18 MALLINCKRODT PHARMACEUTICALS IRELAND LTD
  • EP4710977A2 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4710977A2 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4710977A2 patent drawingFigure 2A

AI summary

Described are systems and methods for compensating long term sensitivity drift of catalytic type electrochemical gas sensors used in systems for delivering therapeutic nitric oxide (NO) gas to a patient by compensating for drift that may be specific to the sensors atypical use in systems for delivering therapeutic nitric oxide gas to 1Aa patient. In at least some instances, the long term sensitivity drift of catalytic type electrochemical gas sensors can be addressed using calibration schedules, which can factor in the absolute change in set dose of NO being delivered to the patient that can drive one or more baseline calibrations. The calibration schedules can be used reduce the amount of times the sensor goes offline. Systems and methods described may factor in in actions occurring at the delivery system and/or aspects of the surrounding environment, prior to performing a baseline calibration, and may postpone the calibration and/or rejected using the sensor's output for the calibration.