Electrochromic Composition Transparency via Steric Hindrance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrochromic compositions face challenges in maintaining high transparency when mixing anodic and cathodic electrochromic compounds due to charge transfer (CT) interactions, leading to reduced transparency in visible regions.
Innovation Solution
The use of specifically structured anodic and cathodic electrochromic compounds, represented by general formulas [1] and [2], which incorporate steric hindrance substituents to suppress electronic interactions, maintaining transparency by reducing CT absorption in visible regions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If anodic EC compound and cathodic EC compound are mixed and dissolved, then electrochromic functionality is achieved, but CT absorption appears in visible region and transparency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific substituent groups (electron-donating groups like -NR2, -OR, and electron-withdrawing groups like -CN, -NO2, -SO3R) at specific positions on the aromatic rings of the EC compounds. This localized modification of molecular structure creates distinct electron density distributions that reduce CT interaction between the anodic and cathodic compounds while maintaining their individual electrochromic properties, thereby preserving transparency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the EC compounds by specifying particular substituent groups and their positions on the molecular structures. By modifying the electronic properties through these substituent groups, the patent alters the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and reduces the tendency for charge transfer complex formation, thus maintaining high transparency in the decoloration state while preserving electrochromic functionality.
2Adaptability or versatility
If anodic EC compound is used, then electron donor property is achieved, but CT complex formation with cathodic compound occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific substituent groups (electron-donating groups like -NR2, -OR, and electron-withdrawing groups like -CN, -NO2, -SO3R) at specific positions on the aromatic rings of the EC compounds. This localized modification of molecular structure creates distinct electron density distributions that reduce CT interaction between the anodic and cathodic compounds while maintaining their individual electrochromic properties, thereby preserving transparency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the EC compounds by specifying particular substituent groups and their positions on the molecular structures. By modifying the electronic properties through these substituent groups, the patent alters the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and reduces the tendency for charge transfer complex formation, thus maintaining high transparency in the decoloration state while preserving electrochromic functionality.
3Adaptability or versatility
If cathodic EC compound is used, then electron acceptor property is achieved, but CT complex formation with anodic compound occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific substituent groups (electron-donating groups like -NR2, -OR, and electron-withdrawing groups like -CN, -NO2, -SO3R) at specific positions on the aromatic rings of the EC compounds. This localized modification of molecular structure creates distinct electron density distributions that reduce CT interaction between the anodic and cathodic compounds while maintaining their individual electrochromic properties, thereby preserving transparency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the EC compounds by specifying particular substituent groups and their positions on the molecular structures. By modifying the electronic properties through these substituent groups, the patent alters the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and reduces the tendency for charge transfer complex formation, thus maintaining high transparency in the decoloration state while preserving electrochromic functionality.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The electrochromic composition effectively maintains high transparency in decoloration states by minimizing CT interactions, allowing for efficient light transmission and effective light control in visible regions.
Implementation Method 1
the anodic EC compound has abundant electrons in the molecules, the anodic EC compound is easily oxidized. As a result, the anodic EC compound has an electron donor property.
Implementation Method 2
since electrons are insufficient in the molecules in the cathodic EC compound, the cathodic EC compound is easily reduced. As a result, the cathodic EC compound has an electron acceptor property.
Implementation Method 3
the light absorption properties (coloration state and light transmittance) of a substance change due to an electrochemical redox reaction
Data Source
AI summary
An electrochromic composition has an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, in which the anodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [1]and the cathodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [2]In General Formula 1, A1 to A4 represent substituents, R1 and R2, and R20 and R21 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. n is an integer of 1 to 5. X represents a thiophene derivative and Y- represents an anion.