Electrochromic Waveguide Tuning for RF Propagation Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing RF signal waveguides lack the ability to efficiently and cost-effectively control the propagation of electromagnetic waves through tunable permittivity changes, limiting their flexibility and adaptability to various frequency ranges and applications.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating electrochromic (EC) elements within or adjacent to the waveguide, allowing control of permittivity through applied voltage, which interacts with RF signals to influence their propagation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If conventional waveguide structures are used, then the waveguide provides stable signal transmission, but the waveguide lacks the ability to control electromagnetic wave propagation through tunable permittivity changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol over electromagnetic wave propagationVSAvoidwaveguide structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by incorporating electrochromic (EC) material into the waveguide structure, which allows the permittivity of the waveguide to be dynamically tuned by applying different voltages. This enables control over electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics without fundamentally changing the waveguide's physical structure, thus achieving adaptability while maintaining structural simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite materials by combining conventional waveguide materials with electrochromic (EC) material. The EC material layer is integrated into the waveguide structure, creating a composite that exhibits both the stable signal transmission properties of conventional waveguides and the tunable permittivity characteristics of EC material, enabling dynamic control of electromagnetic wave propagation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Adaptability or versatility

If EC elements are integrated into the waveguide to enable permittivity control, then the waveguide achieves flexible signal propagation control, but the manufacturing complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflexibility in RF signal propagation controlVSAvoidwaveguide manufacturing simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements parameter changes by integrating electrochromic (EC) material into the waveguide, allowing the permittivity to be dynamically adjusted through voltage application. This enables flexible control of RF signal propagation characteristics while using a relatively simple integration approach that does not require complex manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite materials by combining EC material with conventional waveguide materials in a layered structure. The EC material can be deposited as a thin film onto the waveguide substrate using standard thin-film deposition techniques, creating a composite structure that achieves functional flexibility without significantly complicating the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Adaptability or versatility

If EC material is used to change permittivity dynamically, then the waveguide supports wide frequency ranges and applications, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency range coverageVSAvoidwaveguide component complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by utilizing the voltage-dependent permittivity of electrochromic (EC) material within the waveguide. By dynamically adjusting the applied voltage, the waveguide can adapt its electromagnetic properties to support different frequency ranges and applications, achieving wide frequency coverage through a single, continuously tunable component rather than multiple discrete waveguides.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements universality by designing a single waveguide structure with EC material that can perform multiple functions across different frequency ranges. The same waveguide component can be tuned to operate at various frequencies and for different applications by simply changing the voltage applied to the EC material, eliminating the need for multiple specialized waveguide components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables flexible control over RF signal propagation, supporting a wide range of frequencies and applications with reduced component costs and complexity, particularly beneficial for high-data-rate systems like 4G, 5G, and future 6G mobile radio systems, and sub-THz and THz frequencies.

Implementation Method 1

at least one electrochromic, EC, element 120 a permittivity of which can be controlled by applying a control voltage CV to the EC element 120

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochromism: Electrochromism

Data Source

PatentEP3879623B1Apparatus comprising a waveguide for radio frequency signals
Publication Date: 2025.08.27 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP3879623B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~2F
  • EP3879623B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~5A
  • EP3879623B1 patent drawingFigure 5B~6D

AI summary

Apparatus comprising a waveguide for radio frequency signals, and at least one electrochromic element a permittivity of which can be controlled by applying a control voltage to the electrochromic element, wherein the at least one electrochromic element is at least partly arranged within or at the waveguide.