Multi-Zone Electrochromic Windows Without Visible Scribe Lines
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electrochromic windows with multiple tinting zones face challenges in achieving flexible tinting without visible scribe lines, as existing methods require physical segmentation of the monolithic device, leading to functional impairment and aesthetically distracting bright lines.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a monolithic electrochromic device with resistive zones and lengthwise variable bus bars allows for independent operation of tinting zones without physical segmentation, using resistive zones to inhibit electron and ion flow and bus bars to create tint gradients, thereby eliminating visible scribe lines and maintaining device functionality.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If the monolithic electrochromic device is physically segmented to create multiple tinting zones, then independent operation of zones is achieved, but visible scribe lines and functional impairment occur
Solution Approach 1:
The device is segmented into multiple tinting zones through resistive zones that divide the electrochromic material into electrically independent regions. These resistive zones create distinct zones (e.g., first and second tinting zones) that can be controlled independently through separate bus bars, achieving functional segmentation without physical cutting of the monolithic device.
Solution Approach 2:
Resistive zones are strategically placed at specific locations within the device to create local electrical resistance that prevents charge migration between adjacent tinting zones. This local modification of electrical properties allows independent control of each zone while maintaining the overall integrity of the monolithic device structure.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the monolithic electrochromic device is physically segmented to create multiple tinting zones, then independent operation of zones is achieved, but visible scribe lines appear in the viewable area
Solution Approach 1:
The device is segmented into multiple tinting zones through resistive zones that divide the electrochromic material into electrically independent regions. These resistive zones create distinct zones (e.g., first and second tinting zones) that can be controlled independently through separate bus bars, achieving functional segmentation without physical cutting of the monolithic device.
Solution Approach 2:
Resistive zones act as intermediary elements between adjacent tinting zones, providing electrical isolation without creating visible physical barriers. These zones serve as mediators that prevent charge migration and enable independent zone control while remaining optically transparent and invisible in the viewable area.
3Illumination intensity
If resistive zones are used to separate tinting zones, then visible scribe lines are eliminated, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The resistive zones are integrated into the monolithic device structure during manufacturing, merging the separation function with the electrochromic material layers. This combining of isolation and functional layers reduces the need for separate components and simplifies the overall device architecture compared to physically segmented approaches.
Solution Approach 2:
The resistive zones serve multiple functions simultaneously: they provide electrical isolation between tinting zones, maintain the integrity of the monolithic device structure, and remain optically transparent. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional components and simplifies the overall device design.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables flexible and uniform tinting across electrochromic windows with multiple zones, reducing visible imperfections and maintaining the integrity of the electrochromic device, allowing for various tinting schemes and energy-saving capabilities.
Implementation Method 1
Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which a material exhibits a reversible electrochemically-mediated change in an optical property when placed in a different electronic state, typically by being subjected to a voltage change. For example, one well known electrochromic material is tungsten oxide (WO3). Tungsten oxide is a cathodically tinting electrochromic material in which a tinting transition, bleached (untinted) to blue, occurs by electrochemical reduction.
Implementation Method 2
When electrochemical oxidation takes place, tungsten oxide transitions from blue to a bleached state.
Implementation Method 3
The two adjacent zones are not separated from each other by isolation scribes. Rather, the EC device and associated transparent conductors do not have isolation scribes that cut through any of these layers. In certain embodiments, the EC device includes a resistive zone that spans between the two adjacent zones.
Data Source
AI summary
Thin-film devices, for example, multi-zone electrochromic windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. In certain cases, a multi-zone electrochromic window comprises a monolithic EC device on a transparent substrate and two or more tinting zones, wherein the tinting zones are configured for independent operation.