Electrode Array Nanochannel for DNA Translocation Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current nanopore sequencing technologies face challenges in controlling the translocation of DNA through nanopores and differentiating DNA bases, requiring improved methods for precise control and enhanced spatial resolution.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and system utilizing an array of electrodes along a nanochannel to control the motion of charged entities linked to polymers, such as DNA, by trapping and moving them through the channel with precise voltage control, enhancing spatial resolution and accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If an electric field is used to drive DNA through the nanopore, then the translocation can be initiated, but the control over the translocation process is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the electrode structure into multiple segments along the nanochannel, with each segment independently controllable. This segmentation allows precise control of the electric field at different locations along the channel, enabling accurate positioning and controlled translocation of DNA molecules without the limitations of a single uniform electric field.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local control of electric field properties by applying different voltage conditions to different segments of the electrode array. This allows creation of localized electric fields that can trap, move, or release DNA at specific positions along the nanochannel, providing both control and precision simultaneously.
2Ease of operation
If enzymes are attached to the nanopore to guide DNA, then translocation can be facilitated, but the spatial resolution and control precision are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical/enzymatic guidance system with an electric field-based control system. By using controllable electrodes that generate electric fields to interact with charged entities on the polymer, the system achieves precise spatial resolution and control without relying on enzymatic processes, thereby improving both guidance capability and measurement precision.
3Power
If a single electric field is applied across the nanopore, then current measurement can be performed, but the ability to control and position charged entities is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the electrode structure into multiple controllable regions along the nanochannel. This allows the electric field to be applied differently at different locations, enabling both current measurement through the nanopore and independent control over the position and movement of charged entities, thereby resolving the contradiction between power measurement and operational control.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamic control of the electric field by allowing independent voltage adjustment of different electrode segments. This dynamic capability enables the system to adapt the electric field distribution in real-time to control charged entity movement while maintaining current measurement functionality, providing both power and control capabilities.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for more precise control over the motion of polymers within the nanochannel, improving the spatial resolution of DNA sequencing and enabling localized chemical treatment, thereby addressing the limitations of existing nanopore sequencing technologies.
Implementation Method 1
The array of electrodes is configured to trap the one or more charged entities in the nanochannel responsive to being controlled for trapping
Implementation Method 2
the array of electrodes are configured to move the one or more charged entities along the nanochannel responsive to being controlled for moving
Implementation Method 3
The first and second electrodes are configured to direct the one or more charged entities linked to the polymer into the nanochannel
Data Source
AI summary
A technique for controlling the motion of one or more charged entities linked to a polymer through a nanochannel is provided. A first reservoir and a second reservoir are connected by the nanochannel. An array of electrodes is positioned along the nanochannel, where fluid fills the first reservoir, the second reservoir, and the nanochannel. A first electrode is in the first reservoir and a second electrode is in the second reservoir. The first and second electrodes are configured to direct the one or more charged entities linked to the polymer into the nanochannel. An array of electrodes is configured to trap the one or more charged entities in the nanochannel responsive to being controlled for trapping. The array of electrodes is configured to move the one or more charged entities along the nanochannel responsive to being controlled for moving.