Electrode-Integrated Foundations for Quieter Pile Installation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing pile driving methods for offshore structures face high mechanical requirements, environmental noise hazards, and costly noise mitigation measures due to high pile driving resistance, especially in soils with low hydraulic permeability, and prior electro-osmosis systems are inefficient and risky.

Innovation Solution

A foundation design with integrated first and second electrodes on its lateral surface, allowing for electro-osmosis without separate seabed electrodes, using a circumferential band configuration to reduce installation resistance and noise, and adjustable polarity for stabilization and adjustment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Force

If traditional pile driving methods are used to install foundations into low hydraulic permeability soils, then the foundation can be installed, but high mechanical requirements and noise hazards arise due to high pile driving resistance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepile driving resistanceVSAvoidnoise and mechanical stress
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the traditional mechanical pile driving system with an electro-osmosis-based system. Instead of using a pile hammer to apply axial impacts, the invention uses electrodes integrated into the foundation body to generate electro-osmotic flow that reduces soil shear resistance, enabling installation with significantly lower mechanical forces and reduced noise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical-chemical parameters of the soil-foundation interface by applying electro-osmosis. By controlling the polarity and voltage of the integrated electrodes, the system modifies the effective stress and shear resistance of the soil, allowing for easier installation without excessive mechanical forcing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If noise mitigating measures such as bubble curtains are used during pile driving, then noise to marine life is reduced, but installation cost increases considerably

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenoise to marine lifeVSAvoidinstallation cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

By replacing mechanical pile driving with electro-osmosis-based installation, the patent eliminates the source of high-intensity noise generation. The electro-osmotic process occurs quietly without the need for explosive or impact-based driving methods, thereby removing the requirement for expensive noise mitigation infrastructure like bubble curtains.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Force

If electro-osmosis is used with separate seabed anodes to reduce pile driving resistance, then installation becomes easier, but set-up time and expense increase considerably

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshear resistanceVSAvoidelectrode configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the foundation body and electrodes into a single integrated structure. The electrodes are embedded within the foundation body itself, eliminating the need for separate seabed anodes and complex external electrode configurations. This integration simplifies the overall system while maintaining the electro-osmotic effect for reducing installation resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The foundation body serves multiple functions: it provides structural support and simultaneously acts as an electrode carrier for the electro-osmosis system. The integrated electrodes are activated during installation to reduce shear resistance, and can potentially be used again for foundation stabilization or soil improvement after installation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Force

If high voltages are applied to generate sufficient field strength for electro-osmotic effect, then water migration is achieved, but electrical insulation integrity becomes crucial and manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectro-osmotic effectVSAvoidmanufacturing precision and cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies electro-osmosis locally at the foundation-soil interface rather than requiring high voltages across the entire foundation length. The electrodes are positioned to create concentrated electric fields where needed, using lower voltages that do not require extensive insulation or pose safety hazards.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Facilitates easier and quieter installation with reduced mechanical stress, lower voltage requirements, and cost-effective implementation, while maintaining soil integrity and stability.

Implementation Method 1

research has been made into using electro-osmosis to reduce the pile driving resistance in offshore installations by attracting water in the soil towards the foundation body acting as a cathode. The pore water pressure at the interface between the foundation body and surrounding soil builds up, reducing the effective stresses, and thereby lowering the friction between the soil grains and the foundation surface.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectro-osmosis: Electro-Osmosis

Implementation Method 2

each second electrode extending transversely around the lateral surface and being electrically insulated therefrom by an insulating strip provided between the respective second electrode and the lateral surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical insulation: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP4168634B1Foundation for a structure and method of installing the same
Publication Date: 2025.09.24 ORSTED WIND POWER AS
  • EP4168634B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4168634B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4168634B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A foundation (1) for a structure (7) comprising a body (8) having a lateral surface (11) and a distal end (10) for insertion into a soil (2). At least a region of the lateral surface (11) forms a first electrode. One or more second electrodes (9) are provided on the body (8) and are flush with or sit proud of the lateral surface (11). Each second electrode (9) extends transversely around the lateral surface (11) and is electrically insulated therefrom by an insulating strip (12) provided between the respective second electrode and the lateral surface. During installation, a voltage may be applied across the electrodes for inducing an electroosmosis effect to reduce installation resistance.