Electrode Plate Microelectrode Array for Rapid Saccharide Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electrode plates for electrochemical measurements face challenges in achieving rapid and high-sensitivity detection of target substances, particularly saccharides, due to issues with noise response and sensitivity deterioration as the electrode area is miniaturized, and inefficient redox cycles caused by the large surface area of reduction electrodes relative to oxidation electrodes.
Innovation Solution
The method involves an electrode plate design with a substrate having through-holes for exposing first and second electrodes, where the first electrode is surrounded by multiple second electrodes and vice versa, with specific arrangements and shapes to optimize the redox cycle and reduce noise, allowing for efficient detection and quantification of target substances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If the area of the electrode is reduced to accelerate electrode response speed, then the response speed is improved, but the electric current value is lowered causing noise response and sensitivity deterioration
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode plate divides the electrode function into multiple microelectrodes (first electrodes) and counter electrodes (second electrodes) arranged in an array. Each microelectrode has a small area for fast response, while the collective array provides sufficient total area for adequate current generation. The segmentation allows each microelectrode to operate independently at optimal size while maintaining overall measurement sensitivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from a single large electrode to a two-dimensional array of microelectrodes. By arranging multiple microelectrodes in rows and columns on the substrate, the system achieves both fast response (from individual small electrodes) and high sensitivity (from the collective array area) through spatial distribution in another dimension.
2Measurement precision
If a large number of microelectrodes are integrated to maintain current value, then the sensitivity is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple microelectrodes of the same polarity are electrically connected and function as a unified electrode array. The first electrodes (oxidation) are grouped together, and the second electrodes (reduction) are grouped together, simplifying the electrical connection structure while maintaining the benefits of multiple microelectrodes for enhanced sensitivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The substrate serves multiple functions: it provides mechanical support for the electrode array, acts as an insulating layer, and facilitates the integration of multiple microelectrodes. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional components and simplifies the overall device structure despite the complexity of having multiple microelectrodes.
3Device complexity
If the surface area of the reduction electrode is much greater than the oxidation electrode, then the electrode structure is simplified, but the redox cycle efficiency is reduced causing incomplete oxidation of reaction products
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates localized electrode pairs where each first electrode (oxidation) is surrounded by second electrodes (reduction) at specific positions. This local arrangement ensures that oxidation and reduction reactions occur in close proximity, maintaining efficient redox cycles. The local quality of having balanced electrode areas in each pair compensates for the overall array complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
While maintaining overall symmetry in the electrode array layout, the invention introduces asymmetry in the functional arrangement by positioning second electrodes (reduction) around first electrodes (oxidation) in specific patterns. This asymmetric positioning optimizes the redox cycle efficiency by ensuring proper spatial relationship between oxidation and reduction sites without requiring the reduction electrode to have much larger total area.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enables rapid and sensitive detection of target substances with improved accuracy by maintaining even reaction products on multiple electrodes and suppressing noise, resulting in high-sensitivity and rapid quantification of substances in sample solutions.
Implementation Method 1
a first electrode body sandwiched between the upper face of the substrate and the upper layer, and a second electrode body sandwiched between the lower face of the substrate and the lower layer
Data Source
AI summary
To provide an electrode plate for electrochemical measurements that enables detecting and quantifying the concentration of a target substance contained in a sample solution with rapidity and favorable sensitivity using an apparatus for electrochemical measurements is objected to.Specifically, the present invention is directed to a method of the determination using an electrode plate for electrochemical measurements 1 including a substrate 31, an upper layer 40 provided on the upper face of the substrate, a lower layer 11 provided on the lower face of the substrate, a first electrode body 32 sandwiched between the upper face of the substrate and the upper layer, and a second electrode body 12 sandwiched between the lower face of the substrate and the lower layer, wherein: the upper layer has a plurality of upper layer through-holes 41a and 41b; the first electrode body has a plurality of first electrodes 32d including a portion exposed from the upper face of the upper layer via the upper layer through-hole 41b; the substrate has a plurality of substrate through-holes 33; and the second electrode body has a plurality of second electrodes 12d including a portion exposed from the upper face of the upper layer via the upper layer through-hole 41a and the substrate through-hole in the second electrode body.