Electrolysis Power Supply Topology for Aging Compensation and Low Loss

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional electrolysis systems face increased conversion losses and high costs due to the aging of electrolyzers, which require tap changers to maintain hydrogen production rates, affecting auxiliary equipment voltage tolerance ranges.

Innovation Solution

A power supply device with a multi-winding transformer and separate transformers for electrolyzers and auxiliary units, utilizing AC/DC converters to minimize conversion losses and maintain consistent voltage amplitudes, eliminating the need for tap changers.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a tap changer is used in the transformer to compensate for electrolyzer aging, then the DC input voltage to the electrolyzer can be increased to maintain hydrogen production rate, but the AC voltage supplied to auxiliary equipment increases beyond permissible tolerance range

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydrogen production rateVSAvoidvoltage tolerance range for auxiliary equipment
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the power supply system into two separate transformers: a first transformer dedicated to supplying the electrolyzer with adjustable AC voltage (enabling DC voltage adjustment via AC/DC converter for aging compensation), and a second transformer dedicated to supplying auxiliary equipment with standardized voltage. This segmentation allows independent voltage control for each load type, resolving the contradiction between maintaining hydrogen production and protecting auxiliary equipment voltage tolerance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Ease of operation

If a separate second transformer is used to supply auxiliary units with standardized voltage, then the voltage tolerance range for auxiliary equipment is maintained, but the system complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage tolerance range for auxiliary equipmentVSAvoidnumber of transformers
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The first transformer is designed with multi-functionality: it serves both to supply the electrolyzer with adjustable voltage for aging compensation and to provide a reference voltage for the AC/DC converter. The second transformer, while dedicated to auxiliary equipment, benefits from the first transformer's multi-role design, reducing the need for additional voltage regulation components and overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If the transformer's turns ratio is altered via tap changer, then the DC input voltage can be increased to compensate for electrolyzer aging, but conversion losses in the rectifier increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydrogen production rateVSAvoidconversion losses
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic voltage adjustment by combining the tap changer on the first transformer with an AC/DC converter. The tap changer provides coarse adjustment of the transformer's turns ratio, while the AC/DC converter provides fine-tuned DC voltage control. This dynamic control system optimizes the operating point to minimize conversion losses while maintaining the required DC input voltage for aging compensation, unlike static tap changer solutions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a cost-effective power supply system that maintains efficient hydrogen production without significant conversion losses as electrolyzers age, ensuring consistent voltage for both electrolyzers and auxiliary units.

Implementation Method 1

a first transformer (2) with a primary side (2P) connected to the mains connection (15) of the power supply device (10) and a secondary side (2S) having a first secondary-side connection (2S1), which is connected to the auxiliary power output (17) and designed to provide an AC voltage with a first voltage amplitude (U1)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

a second secondary-side connection (2S2), which is connected to an AC connection (6.1) of a first AC/DC converter (6) and designed to provide an AC voltage with a second voltage amplitude (U2)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRectification:

Implementation Method 3

Hydrogen can be produced from water by means of electrolytic decomposition using electrical energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrolysis: Electrolysis

Data Source

PatentEP4519954B1Energy supply device for an electrolysis unit and electrolysis installation
Publication Date: 2026.04.01 SMA SOLAR TECH AG
  • EP4519954B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4519954B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4519954B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention describes an energy supply device (10) for an electrolysis unit (20), having - a grid connection (15) for connection to an energy supply grid (40), - a DC voltage output (16) for the connection of an electrolyser (22), and - an auxiliary power output (17) for the connection of at least one auxiliary unit (23, 24). A first multi-winding transformer (2) has a primary side (2P) connected to the grid connection (15) and a secondary side (2S) having a first secondary-side connection (2S1) and a second secondary-side connection (2S2). The first secondary-side connection (2S1) provides a first voltage amplitude Û1 and is connected to the auxiliary power output (17). The second secondary-side connection (2S2) provides a second voltage amplitude Û2 and is connected to an AC connection (6.1) of a first AC/DC converter (6), the DC connection (6.2) of which is connected to the DC voltage output (16). The energy supply device (10) furthermore comprises a second transformer (4) having a primary side (4P) connected to the grid connection (15), and a secondary side (4S) having a third secondary-side connection (4S3) that provides a third voltage amplitude Û3 and is connected to the DC voltage output (16) via a second AC/DC converter. The primary side (2P) and the first secondary-side connection (2S1) of the first multi-winding transformer (2) or the primary side (2P) and the secondary side (2S) of the first multi-winding transformer (2) are in this case each free from any on-load tap changer. The invention additionally describes an electrolysis installation (50) having a corresponding energy supply device (10).