Electrolyte Solution with CN and P-O Bonds for Battery Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium ion batteries face challenges in safety performance, particularly in high-temperature environments, where they may swell, automatically turn off, burn, or explode, due to inadequate impedance and stability issues.
Innovation Solution
An electrolytic solution containing specific compounds with a —CN functional group and a P—O bond, combined with cyclic carbonates and silicon-functional group compounds, is used to enhance the stability of the electrolyte and protect active materials, thereby improving floatation performance, cycle impedance, and safety features.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional electrolytes are used in lithium ion batteries, then the batteries can operate, but they suffer from poor safety performance, swelling, and instability under high temperature conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite electrolyte system combining cyclic carbonate (EC, PC) with chain carbonate (DMC, DEC) and adds multiple functional additives including LiBOB, GF-101, and LiPF6. This composite approach creates synergistic effects where each component contributes specific properties: cyclic carbonates provide film-forming capability, chain carbonates provide conductivity, and additives provide stabilization, collectively improving safety and stability beyond what single components can achieve.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the concentration ratios of different electrolyte components and additives to achieve optimal performance. Specifically, it controls the content of cyclic carbonate at 10-40%, chain carbonate at 60-90%, and additive content at 0.1-5%, with LiPF6 at 0.5-2.0 mol/L. These parameter adjustments transform the electrolyte's properties to enhance both safety and stability under various operating conditions including high temperature.
2Power
If the battery is designed for higher capacity and power, then performance improves, but impedance increases and cycle life decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces LiBOB (lithium bis(oxalato)borate) and GF-101 as intermediary substances that mediate between the electrode and electrolyte. These additives form stable interfacial films that facilitate ion transport while reducing resistance. LiBOB specifically forms a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer that acts as a protective intermediary, reducing direct contact between the electrolyte and electrode, thereby lowering impedance and improving power delivery capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the concentration of lithium salts (LiPF6 at 0.5-2.0 mol/L) and additives (LiBOB at 0.01-0.5 mol/L, GF-101 at 0.01-0.5 mol/L) to achieve the best balance between power output and impedance. By carefully controlling these parameters, the electrolyte maintains low resistance for high power delivery while the stabilizing additives prevent impedance growth during cycling, extending cycle life.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the battery operates under harsh conditions (high temperature, extreme environments), then versatility improves, but safety performance deteriorates due to swelling and thermal runaway risks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs GF-101 and LiBOB as protective additives that form stable films on electrode surfaces before harmful reactions can occur. These films act as cushioning layers that prevent direct contact between the electrolyte and electrode at high temperatures, blocking pathways for thermal runaway. The additives preemptively create a protective barrier that cushions against the harmful effects of high temperature and extreme environments, preventing swelling and thermal runaway even when the battery operates in harsh conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates an inert protective environment at the electrode-electrolyte interface through the formation of stable SEI films by LiBOB and GF-101. These films resemble an inert atmosphere by providing a chemically stable barrier that prevents unwanted reactions between the electrolyte and electrode materials under harsh conditions. The inert-like protection allows the battery to operate in high temperature and extreme environments without suffering from thermal runaway or degradation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed electrolytic solution improves the safety and performance of lithium ion batteries by enhancing film-forming stability, reducing side reactions, and maintaining cycle performance under various conditions, including high temperatures.
Implementation Method 1
the stability of the electrolytic solution can be improved, and an active material can be protected, thereby effectively improving floatation performance and nailing performance of a battery, and cycle impedance of the battery
Implementation Method 2
lithium ion batteries, by replacing conventional Ni—Cd and MH-Ni batteries, have been widely applied in such products
Data Source
AI summary
The present application relates to an electrolytic solution and an electrochemical device using same. The electrolytic solution of the present application comprises a compound containing a —CN functional group and a compound containing a P—O bond. By introducing the compound containing a —CN functional group and the compound containing a P—O bond into the electrolytic solution, an active material can be better protected, thereby effectively improving floatation performance and nailing performance of a battery, and cycle impedance of the battery.