Electrolyte Solution for High-Voltage Capacitance Retention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrochemical devices, such as electric double-layer capacitors, face challenges in maintaining high capacitance retention ratios at higher voltages over long-term use.
Innovation Solution
An electrolyte solution comprising a mononitrile compound, at least one dinitrile or trinitrile compound, and a quaternary ammonium salt, specifically a spirobipyrrolidinium salt, is used, with the compounds' concentrations optimized to maintain high capacitance retention even at voltages of 3 V or higher.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional electrolyte solutions are used in electric double-layer capacitors, then the devices can operate at high voltage, but the capacitance retention ratio deteriorates after long-term use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte solution by introducing a specific nitrile compound (formula I) with controlled concentration (0.01-5% by mass). This parameter change modifies the electrolyte's chemical stability and interaction with the electrode, thereby improving capacitance retention ratio after long-term high-voltage operation without sacrificing operational duration
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite electrolyte system by combining the nitrile compound (formula I) with conventional electrolyte components including quaternary ammonium salts and cyclic carbonate solvents. This composite formulation synergistically improves both reliability (capacitance retention) and duration (operational lifespan) at high voltage conditions
2Power
If the voltage of electrochemical devices is increased to improve energy density, then the power output increases, but the degradation of withstand voltage and capacitance accelerates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the electrolyte's chemical parameters by adding nitrile compound (formula I) at optimized concentrations, which enhances the electrolyte's resistance to high-voltage degradation. This allows the device to maintain higher power output through increased operating voltage while preventing acceleration of capacitance loss and withstand voltage degradation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The electrolyte solution effectively maintains high capacitance retention ratios for electric double-layer capacitors even after long-term use at high voltages, enhancing their durability and performance.
Implementation Method 1
driven on the principle that electric charges are stored in the electric double layer formed at the interface between the polarizable electrode and the electrolyte solution
Data Source
AI summary
An electrolyte solution intended for use in electrochemical devices which can achieve a high capacitance retention ratio even after long-term use at high voltage. The electrolyte solution of the present invention includes a mononitrile compound (I), at least one compound (II) selected from dinitrile compounds and trinitrile compounds, and a quaternary ammonium salt (III). The amount of the compound (II) in the electrolyte solution is 0.05 to 5% by mass.