Electrolyzer Stack Disassembly for Membrane Electrode Recycling

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge lies in efficiently disassembling and recycling electrolyzer stacks due to strong bonding between components, which hinders the recovery of precious metals like platinum and iridium, and perfluorosulfonic acids, necessitating a method to loosen these bonds for effective recycling and remanufacturing.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of a solvent to loosen the bond between membrane electrode assemblies and bipolar plates, followed by acid leaching and hydrothermal digestion to separate and purify precious metals, enabling the recycling of electrolyzer components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the electrolyzer components are strongly bonded together during operation, then the structural integrity and reliability are improved, but the ease of disassembly and recycling deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrityVSAvoidease of disassembly
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by treating the bonded components with a chemical solution before disassembly. The solution is applied to the interface between the membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates to weaken the bond in advance, making subsequent separation easier without damaging valuable components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a chemical solution as an intermediary substance to facilitate the separation of bonded components. The solution acts as a mediator that penetrates the bond interface, reduces adhesion strength, and enables clean separation of the membrane electrode assembly from the bipolar plates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If the membrane electrode assembly is compacted with bipolar plates during operation, then the productivity and energy efficiency are improved, but the difficulty of separating components for recycling increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy efficiencyVSAvoidseparation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical separation methods with chemical treatment. Instead of using force to separate the compacted components, a chemical solution is applied to selectively weaken the bond at the interface, allowing separation without mechanical stress that could damage the membrane or catalyst layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the bond interface by applying a solution that alters the adhesion properties. The solution modifies the chemical environment at the interface between the membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates, reducing bond strength while maintaining the integrity of individual components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of substance

If precious group metals and perfluorosulfonic acids are recovered through chemical processing, then the loss of valuable substances is reduced, but the generation of harmful chemical waste increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprecious metal recoveryVSAvoidchemical waste
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies discarding and recovering by selectively extracting precious group metals and perfluorosulfonic acids from the spent membrane electrode assembly using chemical processing. The valuable substances are recovered and reused, while the remaining waste stream is minimized and prepared for environmentally sound disposal.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the harmful aspect of chemical bonding into a benefit by using controlled chemical treatment to break the bonds and recover valuable materials. The same chemical reactivity that creates strong bonds during operation is harnessed in reverse to facilitate separation and recovery of precious metals and perfluorosulfonic acids.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for the efficient disassembly and recycling of electrolyzer components, recovering valuable metals and reducing environmental impact by minimizing chemical release, thus supporting the sustainable production of new electrolyzers.

Implementation Method 1

A solvent is used to loosen the bond between a membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 2

acid leaching the membrane electrode assembly to obtain a first precious metal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcid leaching: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

dispersing the membrane electrode assembly to obtain a second precious metal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrothermal digestion: Decomposition (biological)

Data Source

PatentEP4464823A1Electrolyzer stack and membrane electrode assembly disassembly for component separation and recycling
Publication Date: 2024.11.20 PLUG POWER
  • EP4464823A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4464823A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4464823A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention provides a method of electrolyzer recycling, including inserting an electrolyzer in a solution to loosen a bond between a first plate and a membrane electrode assembly and a second plate and the membrane electrode assembly of the electrolyzer, separating the membrane electrode assembly from the first plate and the second plate, acid leaching the membrane electrode assembly to obtain a first precious metal, and dispersing the membrane electrode assembly to obtain a second precious metal.