Electron Bias Waveforms for Precise DC Plasma Surface Processing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing DC plasma processing systems face challenges in precisely controlling the kinetic energy of free electrons to target specific energy levels of atoms at the substrate surface, due to uncertainties in the surface floating potential and variations in operating conditions.

Innovation Solution

The system employs a method to precisely control the surface floating potential of the substrate, allowing for the generation of wafer-scale waves of electrons with controlled kinetic energy. This is achieved by using a DC plasma system with a biasing signal generator that produces waveforms tailored to match the energy levels of the substrate atoms, ensuring precise and selective energy transfer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If externally applied bias signal is used to accelerate electrons towards substrate, then material processing can be performed, but the kinetic energy of electrons cannot be precisely controlled to target specific energy levels of substrate atoms due to uncertainties in surface floating potential

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprecision of electron energy targetingVSAvoidcontrol reliability of electron kinetic energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system measures the actual surface floating potential of the substrate and uses this measurement as feedback to adjust the bias signal waveform. The bias signal generator creates waveforms with timing and amplitude specifically tailored to compensate for the measured floating potential, ensuring that electrons achieve the desired kinetic energy levels that precisely target atomic energy levels in the substrate material.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The invention dynamically adjusts the parameters of the bias signal waveform (timing, amplitude, shape) based on the measured surface floating potential. By changing these parameters to match the actual operating conditions, the system ensures that electrons are accelerated to the correct kinetic energy levels despite variations in substrate potential, enabling precise targeting of specific atomic energy levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If conventional DC plasma processing is used, then material processing can be performed, but electron energy levels do not precisely match the energy thresholds of target atoms due to floating potential variations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy level matching precisionVSAvoidsystem complexity for waveform control
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system incorporates measurement of the surface floating potential and uses this information to generate customized bias waveforms. This feedback mechanism allows the system to automatically adjust the electron energy levels to precisely match the energy thresholds of target atoms in the substrate, achieving high manufacturing precision without requiring complex manual calibration procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs self-adjustment by measuring its own operating conditions (surface floating potential) and automatically generating the appropriate bias signal waveform. This self-service capability eliminates the need for external complex control systems while achieving precise energy level matching, thereby managing device complexity through automated self-regulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Object-affected harmful factors

If electrons are used for substrate processing instead of ions, then damage to substrate surface can be reduced, but precise control of electron kinetic energy to target specific atomic energy levels becomes more difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubstrate surface damageVSAvoidprecision of energy targeting
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically changes the parameters of the bias signal waveform based on measured surface floating potential to precisely control electron kinetic energy. This allows electrons to be accelerated to specific energy levels that exactly match atomic energy thresholds in the substrate, achieving high manufacturing precision while maintaining the low-damage advantage of electron-based processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

By measuring the surface floating potential and using this feedback to adjust electron acceleration, the system ensures that electrons reach the precise kinetic energy levels needed for damage-free processing. The feedback control guarantees that electrons target specific atomic energy levels without excessive energy that would cause substrate damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables precise control of the kinetic energy of free electrons, allowing for exact and selective targeting of energy levels at the substrate surface, thereby enhancing the precision and effectiveness of material processing while minimizing damage.

Implementation Method 1

generating a DC plasma; producing a floating potential at a surface of the substrate support stage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma discharge: Plasma

Data Source

PatentEP4420490B1Electron bias control signals for electron enhanced material processing
Publication Date: 2025.04.16 VELVETCH LLC
  • EP4420490B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4420490B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4420490B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Systems and methods for material processing using wafer scale waves of precisely controlled electrons in a DC plasma is presented. A surface floating potential of a substrate placed atop a stage in a positive column of the DC plasma is adjusted and maintained to a reference potential. A periodic biasing signal referenced to the reference potential is capacitively coupled to the stage to control a surface potential at the substrate according to: an active phase for provision of kinetic energy to free electrons in the DC plasma for activation of targeted bonds at the surface of the substrate; a neutralization phase for repelling of the free electrons from the surface of the substrate; and an initialization phase for restoring an initial condition of the surface floating potential.