Electro-polarizable Compound for High Breakdown Voltage Capacitors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional capacitors face challenges with high breakdown voltage and limited energy storage capacity due to dielectric material limitations, particularly sharp electrode geometries and imperfections leading to local breakdowns, and the need for increased dielectric permittivity for enhanced energy density.
Innovation Solution
Development of an electro-polarizable compound with a specific aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule structure that self-assembles into supramolecular structures, incorporating electron donor and acceptor groups, electro-conductive oligomers, and ionic groups, which increases nonlinear polarizability and breakdown voltage, and forms a metadielectric layer for use in capacitors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional dielectric materials are used in capacitors, then the capacitor structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the breakdown voltage is limited and energy storage capacity is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite dielectric materials combining organic molecules with high nonlinear polarizability (such as azo-dye chromophores) embedded in polymeric matrices. This composite structure achieves superior breakdown voltage and energy storage capacity while maintaining manufacturability through established polymer processing techniques.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention modifies dielectric material parameters by selecting organic molecules with exceptionally high molecular hyper-polarizability (β) values and incorporating them into polymer matrices. This parameter optimization enables the dielectric to withstand higher electric fields and store more energy without compromising structural integrity.
2Quantity of substance
If dielectric permittivity is increased to enhance energy density, then energy storage capacity improves, but the material becomes more complex and harder to manufacture
Solution Approach 1:
The patent increases dielectric permittivity by incorporating organic molecules with high nonlinear optical coefficients and delocalized π-electronic systems. These molecular parameter changes enhance the dielectric constant and energy storage capacity while the polymeric matrix maintains processability through conventional manufacturing methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses commercially available polymeric matrices and organic chromophores that can be processed through standard manufacturing techniques. This approach achieves high energy density without requiring complex or expensive material synthesis processes, maintaining ease of manufacture.
3Device complexity
If sharp edges or points are present on conductive electrodes, then the capacitor geometry is simple, but local electric field strength increases causing breakdown
Solution Approach 1:
The patent addresses local field concentration by optimizing electrode geometries to eliminate sharp edges and points in critical regions. The dielectric material composition is also tailored with high breakdown strength properties to provide local protection against field concentration effects, balancing geometric simplicity with reliability.
4Ease of manufacture
If impurities or crystal structure imperfections are present in the dielectric, then the material is easier to manufacture, but avalanche breakdown occurs reducing breakdown voltage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite polymeric-dielectric structures where the polymeric matrix provides a homogeneous, defect-free environment that prevents avalanche breakdown. The organic chromophores are molecularly dispersed throughout the matrix, eliminating crystal structure imperfections while maintaining ease of manufacture through solution casting and other standard polymer processing techniques.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The electro-polarizable compound enhances the breakdown voltage and energy storage capacity of capacitors, enabling higher energy density and efficient energy storage with improved dielectric properties.
Implementation Method 1
Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) effects of organic molecules have been extensively investigated for their advantages over inorganic crystals. Properties studied, for example, include their large optical non-linearity, ultra-fast response speed, high damage thresholds and low absorption loss
Implementation Method 2
Hyper-electronic polarization of organic compounds is described in greater detail in Roger D. Hartman and Herbert A. Pohl, 'Hyper-electronic Polarization in Macromolecular Solids', Journal of Polymer Science: Part A-1 Vol. 6, pp. 1135-1152 (1968). Hyper-electronic polarization may be viewed as the electrical polarization external fields due to the pliant interaction with the charge pairs of excitons
Implementation Method 3
Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional flat form and self-assembles into supramolecular structures
Implementation Method 4
A capacitor is a passive electronic component that is used to store energy in the form of an electrostatic field, and comprises a pair of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer. When a potential difference exists between the two electrodes, an electric field is present in the dielectric layer
Implementation Method 5
One important characteristic of a dielectric material is its breakdown field. The breakdown field corresponds to the value of electric field strength at which the material suffers a catastrophic failure and conducts electricity between the electrodes
Data Source
AI summary
An electro-polarizable compound has the following general formula:Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional flat form and that self-assembles to form supramolecular structures. R1 are electron donor groups connected to Core1 and R1′ are electron acceptor groups connected to Corel, m is number of acceptor groups R1, m′ is a number of donor groups R′. The numbers m and m′ are equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, but both m and m′ are not both equal to 0. R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core1 directly or via a connecting group; a number p of ionic groups R2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The fragment marked NLE has a nonlinear effect of polarization. Core2 is a self-assembling electro-conductive oligomer, a number n of the such oligomers is 0, 2, or 4. R3 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core2; a number s of the ionic groups R3 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R4 is a resistive substituent electrically insulating the supramolecular structures from each other. A number k of substituents R4 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.