Electro-polarizable Compound for High Breakdown Voltage Capacitors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional capacitors face limitations in achieving high volumetric and mass energy storage density and low cost, making them impractical for applications like electric vehicles, due to issues with dielectric breakdown voltage and energy storage efficiency.
Innovation Solution
The development of an electro-polarizable compound with a specific molecular structure, comprising aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecules, electro-conductive oligomers, and ionic groups, which enhances electronic and ionic polarizability, leading to increased breakdown voltage and energy storage capacity when used in a meta-capacitor design.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional dielectric materials are used in capacitors, then the capacitor structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the breakdown voltage and energy storage density are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite materials by combining aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecules (for electronic polarizability) with ionic groups (for ionic polarizability) within the same dielectric compound. This composite molecular structure achieves synergistic effects, simultaneously enhancing both electronic and ionic polarizability to reach record-high breakdown voltages exceeding 2000 V/μm while maintaining reasonable manufacturing complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent systematically varies molecular parameters including the type of aromatic polycyclic core (e.g., perylene, triphenylene), the nature of ionic groups (e.g., imidazolium, pyridinium), and their spatial arrangements to optimize the balance between electronic and ionic polarizability. These parameter changes enable fine-tuning of dielectric properties to achieve maximum breakdown voltage and energy storage density
2Reliability
If the dielectric layer thickness is increased to提高 breakdown voltage, then the breakdown voltage increases, but the volumetric energy density decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves breakthrough in intrinsic breakdown field strength (exceeding 2000 V/μm) through molecular design, which allows using thinner dielectric layers while maintaining or improving volumetric energy density. The high breakdown field parameter compensates for the reduced thickness, resolving the contradiction between breakdown voltage and volumetric energy density
3Ease of manufacture
If sharp edges or points are present in electrode geometry, then the manufacturing is easier, but the local electric field strength increases causing breakdown
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful concentration of electric field at sharp edges into a beneficial effect by utilizing the high ionic polarizability of ionic groups. These groups migrate to high-field regions and form conductive pathways that redistribute the electric field, transforming the stress concentration into a field-smoothing mechanism that prevents breakdown while maintaining simple electrode geometries
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The electro-polarizable compound significantly improves the energy storage capacity and breakdown voltage of capacitors, enabling more efficient energy storage and potentially addressing the limitations of conventional capacitors for advanced applications.
Implementation Method 1
The electrophilic groups (acceptors) and the nucleophilic groups (donors) in the aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule (Core1) promote increase of electronic polarizability of these molecules
Implementation Method 2
aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule (Core1) self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule
Implementation Method 3
R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups from a class of ionic compounds that are used in ionic liquids connected to the aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule (Core1)
Implementation Method 4
The Core2 is an electro-conductive oligomer self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule
Implementation Method 5
R4 is a resistive substituent providing solubility of the organic compound in a solvent and electrically insulating the column-like supramolecules from each other
Data Source
AI summary
An electro-polarizable compound has the following general formula:where Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional flat form and self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule, which is tetrapirolic macro-cyclic fragment, R1 is an dopant group connected to Core1, m is number of R1 which is equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4, R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups, p is number of R2 which is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The fragment marked NLE containing the Core1 with at least one R1 has a nonlinear effect of polarization. Core2 is an electro-conductive oligomer self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule, n is number of Core2 which is equal to 2, or 4, R3 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups, s is number of R3 which is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R4 is a non-polar resistive substituent, k is a number of R4 which is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.