Multi-Component EM Logging Tool for Unconventional Formation Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Measuring formation resistivity in unconventional formations with fractures and folds is challenging due to anisotropy, as existing EM logging techniques struggle to accurately determine dip angle, strike angle, vertical resistivity, and horizontal resistivity.
Innovation Solution
A multi-component electromagnetic resistivity logging tool with a triad of transmitter and receiver coils oriented along respective axes, allowing for absolute and differential measurements, and employing advanced antenna configurations and signal processing to determine formation parameters, including the use of tilted antennas and multi-frequency measurements to capture and invert data from unconventional formations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional EM logging techniques are used, then the tool structure remains simple, but the measurement precision of formation parameters in unconventional formations deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The tool divides the measurement system into multiple independent coil assemblies, each oriented along different axes (x, y, z). Each assembly contains its own transmitter and receiver coils, allowing independent measurement of electromagnetic responses in different directions. This segmentation enables the tool to capture anisotropic formation properties without requiring a completely redesigned tool architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extends the conventional single-axis EM measurement to three-dimensional spatial orientation by positioning coil assemblies along multiple axes. The tool measures electromagnetic responses not only in the traditional vertical direction but also in horizontal and intermediate directions, adding dimensional complexity to capture formation anisotropy in unconventional formations.
2Measurement precision
If multi-component EM measurements are implemented, then the determination of formation parameters improves, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Each coil assembly serves multiple functions: the transmitter coils generate electromagnetic fields, the receiver coils detect the induced signals, and together they enable measurement of multiple formation parameters (resistivity, dip angle, strike angle) through a single integrated structure. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated measurement systems for each parameter.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines multiple EM measurement components into integrated coil assemblies where transmitter and receiver coils are positioned in close proximity. By merging the transmission and reception functions within each assembly, the tool achieves compact design while maintaining the capability to perform multi-component measurements necessary for characterizing unconventional formations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise determination of formation parameters in unconventional formations, improving geosteering capabilities and enhancing the accuracy of resistivity measurements, allowing for effective navigation within desired payzones.
Implementation Method 1
a transmitter transmits an electromagnetic signal that passes through formation materials around the borehole and induces a signal in one or more receivers
Data Source
AI summary
Signal measurements collected by azimuthally sensitive electromagnetic logging tool as a function of position in a borehole are obtained. The signal measurements are used to identify a type of formation model. An inversion technique appropriate to the type of formation model is applied to the set of signal measurements to determine a geophysical property. The geophysical property is used to make a decision regarding drilling a well.