Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Gauge for Mechanical Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Fiber-optic sensors are mechanically sensitive due to their thin cross-section, making handling difficult and prone to damage, and can slip when glued or laminated into components, leading to inaccurate force measurements.

Innovation Solution

A strain gauge with a carrier material and a fiber-optic sensor featuring a fiber Bragg grating, where the optical waveguide is embedded within the carrier material to enhance mechanical stability and accuracy, using a polymer carrier with reinforcement elements to adapt the modulus of elasticity and simplify handling.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If the optical waveguide is made with a thin cross-section to reduce size, then the sensor becomes more compact, but the mechanical sensitivity increases making handling difficult and prone to damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecross-section sizeVSAvoidmechanical stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The optical waveguide is embedded within a carrier material that provides mechanical protection and stability. The carrier material acts as a protective outer layer that shields the fragile optical waveguide from damage during handling and installation, while allowing the waveguide to maintain its thin cross-section for compactness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

The strain gauge combines the optical waveguide with a carrier material to create a composite structure. This composite provides both the optical sensing functionality of the waveguide and the mechanical stability of the carrier material, resolving the contradiction between compactness and mechanical robustness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Ease of manufacture

If the optical waveguide is glued or laminated into a plastic component, then the sensor can be integrated into the component, but the waveguide can easily slip leading to inaccurate force measurements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveintegration capabilityVSAvoidpositioning accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The carrier material is embedded into the plastic component, and the optical waveguide is subsequently embedded into the carrier material. This nested embedding approach ensures that the waveguide is securely positioned within the component through a two-stage process, preventing slippage and ensuring accurate force measurements while maintaining ease of integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

3Adaptability or versatility

If fiber connectors are used to connect optical waveguides, then multiple sensors can be connected to form a network, but the coupling becomes error-prone and integration into components is prevented

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor network capabilityVSAvoidhandling complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple optical waveguides are bundled together within a single carrier material to form an integrated strain gauge assembly. This merging approach eliminates the need for separate fiber connectors at component interfaces, reducing coupling errors and simplifying integration while maintaining the capability to form sensor networks through the bundled structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The strain gauge can be attached to mechanical components more accurately and reliably, with improved mechanical stability and simplified handling, enabling precise measurement of forces, including acceleration, across various measuring ranges.

Implementation Method 1

The fiber Bragg grating is set up to reflect a predeterminable part of the incoming light and to transmit another part. The wavelength of the reflected or transmitted component depends on the grating constant of the fiber Bragg grating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFiber Bragg grating reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

The refractive index of the core is selected to be slightly smaller than the refractive index of the cladding, so that light coupled into the core is guided within the core by total reflection at the interface between core and cladding

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Implementation Method 3

The optical waveguide contains a core and a cladding that surrounds the core approximately concentrically. The refractive index of the core is selected to be slightly smaller than the refractive index of the cladding, so that light coupled into the core is guided within the core by total reflection

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical waveguide: Waveguide (optics)

Implementation Method 4

The wavelength of the reflected or transmitted component depends on the grating constant of the fiber Bragg grating, which in turn is defined during the production of the fiber Bragg grating and then varies due to temperature changes or mechanical stress

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Data Source

PatentEP2733474B1Strain gauge strip and mechanical component
Publication Date: 2018.08.01 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP2733474B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2733474B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5

AI summary

The strain gauge (1) has a carrier material (10) and a fiber optical sensor (2), where optical fibers (21,22,23) are provided with a fiber-Bragg-grating (3). The carrier material is made from a polymer. The carrier material has a first layer and a second layer, and the fiber optical sensor is arranged between the first layer and the second layer.