Emergency Relay Communication for UEs Outside Cellular Coverage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication systems struggle to support emergency communications, such as voice calls and SMS messages, for user equipment (UE) devices in areas without cellular coverage, which is a critical gap in emergency response scenarios.

Innovation Solution

A method and system enabling UE devices to establish emergency communications through in-service UEs or cloud servers using layer 2 or layer 3 relays, bypassing the need for cellular coverage by leveraging non-cellular communication technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and utilizing programmable hardware elements for automatic relay setup.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If cellular coverage is used for emergency communications, then communication reliability is improved, but coverage area is limited to cellular network regions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveemergency communication reliabilityVSAvoidcoverage area
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces in-service UEs as intermediary relay nodes to forward emergency communications from out-of-coverage UEs to the cellular network. The relay UE acts as a mediator that establishes a communication bridge between the isolated UE and the PSAP, enabling emergency calls without direct cellular coverage while maintaining communication reliability through the relay path.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Area of stationary object

If relay mechanisms are implemented for emergency communications, then coverage area is extended, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage areaVSAvoidcommunication system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-service mechanisms where UEs automatically discover available relay UEs and establish emergency communication paths without manual configuration. The system autonomously selects relay nodes, manages connection establishment, and handles signaling procedures, reducing the operational complexity burden on end users while extending coverage area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Ease of operation

If automatic relay setup is used, then ease of operation is improved, but extent of automation increases system requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveemergency communication setup easeVSAvoidrelay setup automation level
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSExtent of automation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary actions by pre-configuring UEs with emergency communication capabilities, including pre-established relay discovery mechanisms and pre-defined protocols for automatic relay selection. This preparation enables instant automated relay setup when emergency conditions arise, improving ease of operation during critical moments while managing automation complexity through standardized pre-planned procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3979760B1Emergency communication in non-cellular coverage
Publication Date: 2025.11.12 APPLE INC
  • EP3979760B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3979760B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3979760B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for emergency communications (e.g., voice calls and/or SMS messages) for UE's without cellular coverage (e.g., in non-cellular coverage). A UE may establish, while out of range of cellular service, a peer-to-peer communication session with a relay UE using a channel in an unlicensed frequency band. The UE may transmit, using the peer-to-peer communication session, an emergency notification to the relay UE. The emergency notification may include an approximate location of the UE. Further the UE may communicate with a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), where the communications may be relayed between the UE and the PSAP by the relay UE. The approximate location of the UE may be based, at least in part, on a location of the relay UE and determining the approximate location of the UE may include performing a ranging procedure with the relay UE.