EMS Demand Response Allocation by BEV and FCEV Responsiveness

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing demand response systems fail to appropriately account for the differing responsiveness of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in managing power grid fluctuations, leading to inefficient demand response strategies.

Innovation Solution

The system decomposes power demand requests into long-cycle, short-cycle, and extremely-short-cycle components and allocates BEVs, FCEVs, and charging facilities as power adjustment resources based on their specific responsiveness, using an energy management system (EMS) to create tailored demand response plans.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If FCEV is used as power adjustment resource, then power supply capability is improved, but responsiveness to demand response is worsened due to longer startup time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply capabilityVSAvoidresponsiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the power adjustment resources into different types (FCEV, BEV, charging facilities) and assigns them to different request signal categories (first, second, third request signals) based on their responsiveness characteristics. FCEV is allocated to first request signals where longer response time is acceptable, while BEV and charging facilities are allocated to second and third request signals requiring faster response.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Loss of time

If BEV is used as power adjustment resource, then responsiveness to demand response is improved, but power supply duration is worsened due to battery capacity limitations

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresponsivenessVSAvoidpower supply duration
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments power adjustment resources based on their operational characteristics. BEV is assigned to second request signals where fast response is needed but duration is limited, while FCEV is assigned to first request signals where longer duration is acceptable. This segmentation allows each resource type to operate within its optimal performance envelope.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If demand response request is decomposed into multiple request signals, then allocation accuracy is improved, but system complexity is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveallocation accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the demand response request into multiple request signals (first, second, third) with different responsiveness requirements. This segmentation enables precise matching of power adjustment resources to appropriate request types, improving allocation accuracy while maintaining manageable system complexity through clear categorization rules.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different allocation strategies to different segments of the demand response request. Each request signal type (first, second, third) has its own allocation criteria and target resources, allowing the system to optimize for local conditions (responsiveness requirements) rather than applying a uniform approach throughout.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for a more effective and stable management of power grid demand by aligning resource allocation with the unique response times of BEVs, FCEVs, and charging facilities, enhancing grid stability and efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

The fuel cell electric vehicle generates electric power by a chemical reaction in the hydrogen power generation system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFuel cell chemical reaction: Fuel Cell

Data Source

PatentEP4039535B1Electric power system
Publication Date: 2026.02.18 TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
  • EP4039535B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4039535B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4039535B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A controller (100) of an EMS server determines whether it has received a supply and demand request from a power transmission and distribution utility server (S1). When having received the supply and demand request, the controller determines whether the supply and demand request is for requesting a reduction in power demand or for requesting an increase in power demand (S3). The controller decomposes the supply and demand request into first to third requests (S5). The controller creates a negawatt DR execution plan or a posiwatt DR execution plan based on a determination result of S3 (S7). The controller allocates power adjustment resources (500) to the first to third requests in consideration of responsiveness of each of the power adjustment resources. The controller transmits the first to third request signals to target power adjustment resources in accordance with the execution plan (S9).