Enclosed DESI Probe for Long-Distance Tissue Ion Transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current mass spectrometry methods require complex sample preparation and chromatographic separation for analyzing biological compounds, which is time-consuming and inefficient, especially for direct analysis from biological tissues.
Innovation Solution
The development of enclosed desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) probes and systems that allow for direct analysis of analytes from biological samples using a DESI-active spray generated within a transfer member, such as a catheter, which is compatible with tissue and operates without an applied voltage, enabling efficient ionization and transfer of ions to a mass analyzer over longer distances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional mass spectrometry methods are used for analyzing biological compounds, then analytical accuracy is improved, but sample preparation complexity and analysis time increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the complex sample preparation and chromatographic separation steps from the traditional mass spectrometry workflow. By using direct DESI ionization, the method takes out the intermediate processing steps while maintaining the core analytical function, thereby reducing complexity without sacrificing measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary mechanism (DESI spray system with transfer member) that enables direct ionization of analytes from biological surfaces without requiring traditional sample preparation. This intermediary system bridges the gap between direct tissue analysis and mass spectrometry detection, eliminating the need for complex preprocessing while maintaining analytical accuracy.
2Productivity
If traditional electrospray ionization is used, then ionization efficiency is improved, but tissue damage increases due to high voltage application
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the voltage parameter from high voltage (traditional electrospray) to low or zero applied voltage conditions. By modifying this critical parameter, the system maintains ionization efficiency through alternative mechanisms (such as electrostatic induction from the mass spectrometer inlet) while eliminating the harmful high voltage that causes tissue damage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical high-voltage electrospray system with a low-voltage or voltage-free DESI system. Instead of using strong electrical fields to generate spray, the system relies on electrostatic induction and fluid dynamics, substituting the harmful mechanical-electrical mechanism with a gentler alternative that preserves tissue integrity.
3Ease of manufacture
If DESI spray is produced outside the transfer member, then spray generation is simplified, but signal intensity is lost over longer transfer distances
Solution Approach 1:
The invention nests the DESI spray source within the transfer member (catheter or tubing). The spray generation components are placed inside the transfer member, creating a nested configuration where the ionization occurs within the enclosed space. This nesting ensures that ions are generated and transferred continuously through the same pathway, preventing signal loss over distance while maintaining relatively simple spray generation mechanics.
Solution Approach 2:
The transfer member acts as an intermediary that simultaneously serves as both the spray generation chamber and the ion transfer conduit. By using the same enclosed space for both functions, the system eliminates the need for separate spray and transfer systems, maintaining signal intensity through continuous enclosed transfer while keeping the overall structure relatively simple.
4Quantity of substance
If complex sample preparation is performed, then analyte concentration is improved, but analysis time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention performs preliminary concentration of analytes directly at the tissue surface through the DESI spray process itself. The solvent in the DESI spray selectively extracts and concentrates analytes from the biological surface right before ionization, eliminating the need for separate pre-concentration steps. This preliminary action occurs in-situ, saving significant analysis time while maintaining analyte concentration.
Solution Approach 2:
The DESI system performs self-service concentration by using the spray solvent to automatically extract and concentrate analytes from the tissue surface during the ionization process itself. The system serves its own concentration needs without requiring external sample preparation equipment or procedures, thereby reducing analysis time while achieving the necessary analyte concentration for detection.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables direct, efficient analysis of biological samples with minimal sample preparation, maintaining signal intensity over longer distances and reducing tissue damage, facilitating in vivo analysis with biocompatible solvents and eliminating the need for high voltage, thus providing a non-destructive and sensitive method for chemical compound identification.
Implementation Method 1
desorbing and ionizing an analyte in a sample material involving directing DESI-active spray droplets onto a surface of a sample material to interact with the surface and desorb the analyte, wherein the DESI-active spray is generated without use of a voltage source
Data Source
AI summary
The invention generally relates to enclosed desorption electrospray ionization probes, systems, and methods. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a source of DESI-active spray, in which a distal portion of the source is enclosed within a transfer member such that the DESI-active spray is produced within the transfer member.