End-Capped PAPP-Modified APP for Heat and Precipitation Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) flame retardants face challenges with non-ideal properties in flame-retardant effect and stability, including low temperature resistance, precipitation resistance, and degradation in acidic or alkaline environments, limiting their effectiveness in composite materials.
Innovation Solution
A chemically end-capped polypiperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP)-modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is synthesized through a three-step process involving thermal polymerization and end-capping with nitrogen-containing compounds, ensuring high temperature and precipitation resistance, using a specialized thermal polymerization device for uniform heating and complete polymerization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If APP is used as a flame retardant, then flame-retardant effect is achieved, but temperature resistance and precipitation resistance are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by combining APP with PAPP to create a synergistic flame retardant system. The composite structure integrates the advantages of both materials: APP provides acid source and gas source functions, while PAPP contributes carbon source and enhanced thermal stability. This composite approach resolves the temperature resistance limitation of pure APP while maintaining flame-retardant effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter changes by modifying the molecular structure of APP through chemical reactions with piperazine and pyrophosphate. This structural modification transforms APP into a composite material with altered thermal properties, specifically improving temperature resistance and precipitation resistance while preserving the flame-retardant mechanism.
2Reliability
If APP is used as a flame retardant, then flame-retardant effect is achieved, but precipitation resistance is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The composite structure of APP-PAPP enhances precipitation resistance through synergistic interactions. PAPP's molecular structure provides improved dispersibility and stability in the matrix, preventing premature precipitation while maintaining the flame-retardant functionality of both components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by creating a heterogeneous composite where different regions of the material exhibit different properties. The PAPP components are distributed within the APP matrix, providing localized enhancement of precipitation resistance while maintaining overall flame-retardant performance.
3Reliability
If PAPP is added in large amount to enhance flame retardant effect, then flame-retardant effect is improved, but mechanical properties of main material deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges APP and PAPP into a single composite flame retardant system, allowing both materials to work synergistically at optimized concentrations. This combination achieves enhanced flame-retardant effect while minimizing the total loading required, thereby preserving mechanical properties of the base material.
Solution Approach 2:
By changing the chemical structure and properties of the flame retardant through composite formation, the patent improves the efficiency of flame retardancy per unit mass. This allows for reduced overall dosage while maintaining or enhancing flame-retardant performance, thus avoiding mechanical property deterioration.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting flame retardant exhibits enhanced temperature resistance, precipitation resistance, and improved flame-retardant effect, suitable for composite materials like flame-retardant polypropylene, with a synthesis device enabling continuous production and stable thermal decomposition.
Implementation Method 1
dehydrating piperazine diphosphate by thermal polymerization to obtain PAPP
Implementation Method 2
dehydrating the PAPP and APP by the thermal polymerization to obtain PAPP-modified APP
Implementation Method 3
performing thermal treatment of the PAPP-modified APP and the end-capping reagent, to obtain the chemically end-capped PAPP-modified APP
Implementation Method 4
APP can promote a polymer to form an intumescent carbon layer in a condensed phase to isolate oxygen during combustion
Implementation Method 5
generate ammonia, and generate ammonia, water vapor and the like to dilute a combustible gas concentration in a gas phase
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are chemically end-capped polypiperazine pyrophosphate-modified ammonium polyphosphate with high temperature resistance and precipitation resistance, a preparation method therefor, and an apparatus and application thereof. The chemically end-capped polypiperazine pyrophosphate-modified ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant is formed by polypiperazine pyrophosphate modification based on ammonium polyphosphate, followed by end capping; and the polypiperazine pyrophosphate is prepared by polymerization of an intermediate piperazine diphosphate obtained through dehydration condensation of phosphoric acid and piperazine. The chemically end-capped polypiperazine pyrophosphate-modified ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant of the present solution is prepared by using special equipment, which ensures whiteness and thermal stability of product, and improves properties of ammonium polyphosphate. The chemically end-capped polypiperazine pyrophosphate-modified ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant is further applied to preparation of flame-retardant polypropylene, so that flame-retardancy, temperature resistance and precipitation resistance of the flame retardant in a polypropylene system can be improved.